Tag: bakari vs dake differences

  • Understanding ~ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š in Japanese | My Language Classes

    Understanding ~ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š in Japanese | My Language Classes

    Understanding ~ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š in Japanese

    The Japanese grammar pattern ~ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š (bakari) is often used to express the idea of “only,” “just,” or “nothing but.” It can indicate an excess of something, recent completion, or restriction to a particular action or state. The meaning changes based on the context, making it a versatile and essential grammar structure in Japanese.

    This blog will explore the formation, various uses, and nuances of ~ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š in different situations, along with a list of verbs, nouns, and adjectives in the ~ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š form with example sentences.


    Formation of ~ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š

    ~ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š can be formed using verbs, nouns, and adjectives. Below is the formation process:

    1. Verb + ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š

    • VใŸๅฝข (Past Tense) + ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š โ†’ Indicates something just happened.
      • Example: ้ฃŸในใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Š (tabeta bakari) โ†’ “Just ate.”

    2. Noun + ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š

    • Noun + ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š โ†’ Indicates “only” or “nothing but.”
      • Example: ใŠ่“ๅญใฐใ‹ใ‚Š (okashi bakari) โ†’ “Nothing but sweets.”

    3. Adjective + ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š

    • ใ„-adjective (Base Form) + ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š โ†’ Indicates an excess.
      • Example: ๆš‘ใ„ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š (atsui bakari) โ†’ “Nothing but hot.”
    • ใช-adjective + ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š โ†’ Similar excessive meaning.
      • Example: ้€€ๅฑˆใฐใ‹ใ‚Š (taikutsu bakari) โ†’ “Only boredom.”

    Usage of ~ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š in Different Situations

    1. Indicating Recent Completion
      • Formation: Verb (Past Tense) + ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š
      • Example: ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
        • (Shukudai o oeta bakari desu.) โ†’ “I just finished my homework.”
    2. Indicating Excessive Amount or Focus
      • Formation: Noun + ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š
      • Example: ็”˜ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฐใ‹ใ‚Š้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€‚
        • (Amai mono bakari taberu.) โ†’ “I eat only sweet things.”
    3. Expressing “Nothing but” or “Only”
      • Formation: Noun/Adjective + ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š
      • Example: ๆš‘ใ„ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ€ๅค–ใซๅ‡บใŸใใชใ„ใ€‚
        • (Atsui bakari de, soto ni detakunai.) โ†’ “Itโ€™s just too hot, so I donโ€™t want to go outside.”

    Situations Where ~ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š is Used

    • Describing Recent Actions (ใ€œใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Š)
    • Emphasizing Quantity
    • Expressing Excessive Conditions
    • Showing a Restriction (Nothing but X)
    • Expressing Repetition of an Action

    List of Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives in ~ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š Form

    TypeBase Form~ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š FormExample Sentence 1RomajiMeaningExample Sentence 2RomajiMeaning
    Verb้ฃŸในใ‚‹้ฃŸในใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ”้ฃฏใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚Gohan o tabeta bakari desu.I just ate a meal.ๆœใ”ใฏใ‚“ใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚Asagohan o tabeta bakari desu.I just had breakfast.
    Verb่กŒใ่กŒใฃใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šๅญฆๆ กใธ่กŒใฃใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚Gakkou e itta bakari desu.I just went to school.็—…้™ขใธ่กŒใฃใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚Byouin e itta bakari desu.I just went to the hospital.
    Verbๅธฐใ‚‹ๅธฐใฃใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚ŠๅฎถใซๅธฐใฃใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚Ie ni kaetta bakari desu.I just came home.ไผš็คพใ‹ใ‚‰ๅธฐใฃใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚Kaisha kara kaetta bakari desu.I just returned from work.
    Verb่ฆ‹ใ‚‹่ฆ‹ใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚Eiga o mita bakari desu.I just watched a movie.ๅฝผใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚Kare wa terebi o mita bakari desu.He just watched TV.
    Verb่ฒทใ†่ฒทใฃใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šๆ–ฐใ—ใ„้ดใ‚’่ฒทใฃใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚Atarashii kutsu o katta bakari desu.I just bought new shoes.ๆœฌใ‚’่ฒทใฃใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚Hon o katta bakari desu.I just bought a book.
    Noun้‡Ž่œ้‡Ž่œใฐใ‹ใ‚Š้‡Ž่œใฐใ‹ใ‚Š้ฃŸในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚Yasai bakari tabete imasu.I eat only vegetables.ๅฝผใฏ้‡Ž่œใฐใ‹ใ‚Š้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€‚Kare wa yasai bakari taberu.He eats nothing but vegetables.
    Nounๅฎฟ้กŒๅฎฟ้กŒใฐใ‹ใ‚Šๅฎฟ้กŒใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚Shukudai bakari shite iru.I’m always doing homework.ๅฝผใฏๅฎฟ้กŒใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚Kare wa shukudai bakari shite imasu.He does nothing but homework.
    Adjective้ซ˜ใ„้ซ˜ใ„ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ“ใฎๅบ—ใฎๅ•†ๅ“ใฏ้ซ˜ใ„ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚Kono mise no shouhin wa takai bakari desu.The products in this store are just expensive.ใ“ใฎๆ™‚่จˆใฏ้ซ˜ใ„ใฐใ‹ใ‚ŠใงๆฉŸ่ƒฝใŒๅฐ‘ใชใ„ใ€‚Kono tokei wa takai bakari de kinou ga sukunai.This watch is just expensive with few functions.

    More Example Sentences

    1. ๆ—ฅๆœฌใซๆฅใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใชใฎใงใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
      Nihon ni kita bakari na no de, nihongo ga wakarimasen.
      “I just came to Japan, so I don’t understand Japanese.”
    2. ๅฝผใฏใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
      Kare wa geemu bakari shite imasu.
      “He does nothing but play games.”
    3. ๆฏใฏๆ–™็†ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
      Haha wa ryouri bakari tsukutte imasu.
      “My mother is always cooking.”
    4. ใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใฏๆณฃใใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใฎ่ฉฑใ ใฃใŸใ€‚
      Kono eiga wa naku bakari no hanashi datta.
      “This movie was nothing but a tearjerker.”
    5. ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆ–‡ๅฅใฐใ‹ใ‚Š่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
      Kanojo wa monku bakari itte iru.
      “She does nothing but complain.”
    6. ็ˆถใฏไป•ไบ‹ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
      Chichi wa shigoto bakari shite imasu.
      “My father is always working.”
    7. ๅฝผใฏใ‚นใƒžใƒ›ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
      Kare wa sumaho bakari mite iru.
      “He does nothing but look at his smartphone.”
    8. ๆ˜จๆ—ฅ่ฒทใฃใŸ้ดใŒๆฑšใ‚ŒใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
      Kinou katta kutsu ga yogoreta bakari desu.
      “The shoes I bought yesterday just got dirty.”
    9. ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏ้Šใ‚“ใงใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
      Kodomo-tachi wa asonde bakari iru.
      “The kids are always playing.”
    10. ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใฏๆš—ใ„ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ€ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๆ‚ชใใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
      Kono heya wa kurai bakari de, kibun ga waruku naru.
      “This room is nothing but dark, making me feel unwell.”

    Fill in the Blanks

    1. ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌใซ๏ผˆ______๏ผ‰ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใชใฎใงใ€ใพใ ๆ™‚ๅทฎใผใ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
    2. ใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใฏๆœใ‹ใ‚‰ใšใฃใจ๏ผˆ______๏ผ‰ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
    3. ๅฝผใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’๏ผˆ______๏ผ‰ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅ…จ็„ถ้‹ๅ‹•ใ—ใชใ„ใ€‚
    4. ใ•ใฃใใ”้ฃฏใ‚’๏ผˆ______๏ผ‰ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŠ่…นใŒใ„ใฃใฑใ„ใ ใ€‚
    5. ๅ‹้”ใฏ๏ผˆ______๏ผ‰ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š่จ€ใฃใฆใ€ๅ…จ็„ถๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
    6. ๆ—…่กŒใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผˆ______๏ผ‰ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ€่ท็‰ฉใ‚’็‰‡ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
    7. ๅฝผใฏใŠ้‡‘ใฎใ“ใจ๏ผˆ______๏ผ‰ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
    8. ใ“ใฎ็”บใฏ้ซ˜ใ„ใƒ“ใƒซ๏ผˆ______๏ผ‰ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ€ๆ˜”ใฎ้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ—ใŒใชใใชใฃใŸใ€‚
    9. ๅคใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆš‘ใ„๏ผˆ______๏ผ‰ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงๅค–ใซๅ‡บใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅซŒใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
    10. ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚ŒใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใชใฎใงใ€๏ผˆ______๏ผ‰ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

    Answers

    1. ๆฅใŸ (kita) โ†’ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌใซๆฅใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใชใฎใงใ€ใพใ ๆ™‚ๅทฎใผใ‘ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
      I just came to Japan yesterday, so I still have jet lag.
    2. ๆ–™็† (ryouri) โ†’ ใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใฏๆœใ‹ใ‚‰ใšใฃใจๆ–™็†ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šไฝœใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
      My mother has been cooking nothing but food since morning.
    3. ่ฆ‹ใฆ (mite) โ†’ ๅฝผใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅ…จ็„ถ้‹ๅ‹•ใ—ใชใ„ใ€‚
      He does nothing but watch TV, so he never exercises.
    4. ้ฃŸในใŸ (tabeta) โ†’ ใ•ใฃใใ”้ฃฏใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŠ่…นใŒใ„ใฃใฑใ„ใ ใ€‚
      I just ate a meal, so I’m full.
    5. ๆ–‡ๅฅ (monku) โ†’ ๅ‹้”ใฏๆ–‡ๅฅใฐใ‹ใ‚Š่จ€ใฃใฆใ€ๅ…จ็„ถๆ‰‹ไผใฃใฆใใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
      My friend does nothing but complain and never helps.
    6. ๅธฐใฃใŸ (kaetta) โ†’ ๆ—…่กŒใ‹ใ‚‰ๅธฐใฃใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ€่ท็‰ฉใ‚’็‰‡ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚
      I just returned from a trip, so I haven’t unpacked yet.
    7. ใŠ้‡‘ (okane) โ†’ ๅฝผใฏใŠ้‡‘ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
      He only thinks about money.
    8. ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š (bakari) โ†’ ใ“ใฎ็”บใฏ้ซ˜ใ„ใƒ“ใƒซใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใ€ๆ˜”ใฎ้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ—ใŒใชใใชใฃใŸใ€‚
      This town has nothing but tall buildings, and its old atmosphere is gone.
    9. ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š (bakari) โ†’ ๅคใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆš‘ใ„ใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงๅค–ใซๅ‡บใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅซŒใซใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
      In summer, it’s nothing but hot, so I don’t want to go outside.
    10. ๆณฃใ„ใฆ (naite) โ†’ ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚ŒใŸใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใชใฎใงใ€ๆณฃใ„ใฆใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
      Since the baby was just born, they do nothing but cry.

    Conclusion

    The ~ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š form is an essential grammar structure in Japanese that expresses recent completion, restriction, or excessiveness. By mastering its formation and usage, you can enhance your fluency and express various nuances in Japanese. Practice with the examples provided and incorporate them into your daily conversations!

    That’s it! Keep practicing, and soon you’ll be using ~ใฐใ‹ใ‚Š like a native speaker.

    If you enjoyed this lesson, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Donโ€™t forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have about nouns.

    Happy learning! ๐Ÿ˜Š

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