Spanish Lessons

Conditional sentences are an essential part of Spanish grammar, allowing us to express possibilities, hypothetical situations, and cause-and-effect relationships. Whether you’re making simple statements, dreaming about the future, or imagining alternate realities, mastering first, second, and third conditional sentences will help you communicate fluently and accurately in Spanish.

In this guide, you’ll learn:

• What conditional sentences are and how they work.
• The different types: Type 1 (real conditions), Type 2 (hypothetical situations), and Type 3 (past hypotheticals).
• How to form and use conditionals correctly in various situations.
• Common mistakes and tricky exceptions to watch out for.
• Practical examples and exercises to reinforce your learning.

By the end of this post, you’ll be able to form conditional sentences effortlessly and understand their nuances. Let’s dive in!

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Common Expressions in Spanish Conditional Sentences

When using conditional sentences in Spanish, certain words and phrases commonly appear. These expressions help introduce conditions and indicate possible outcomes. Here are some of the most frequently used ones:

1. Common Words Used in Conditional Sentences

• Si – If
• Cuando – When (in some conditional cases)
• Siempre que – As long as / Provided that
• A menos que – Unless
• En caso de que – In case
• Con tal de que – As long as / Provided that
• De no ser por – If it weren’t for
• De haber sabido – If I had known

2. Common Sentence Starters for Conditionals

Here are some typical ways conditional sentences start:

✅ Si + present tense, then future tense

• Si estudias, aprobarás el examen. (If you study, you will pass the exam.)

✅ Si + past subjunctive, then conditional tense

• Si tuviera más dinero, viajaría por el mundo. (If I had more money, I would travel the world.)

✅ Si + past perfect subjunctive, then conditional perfect

• Si hubieras llegado temprano, habríamos visto la película juntos. (If you had arrived early, we would have watched the movie together.)

3. Fixed Conditional Expressions in Spanish

Some Spanish conditional sentences follow set expressions that you will often hear in conversations:

• Si Dios quiere… (If God wills it…)
• Si yo fuera tú… (If I were you…)
• Si mal no recuerdo… (If I remember correctly…)
• Si no me equivoco… (If I’m not mistaken…)
• Si no fuera por… (If it weren’t for…)
• Si todo sale bien… (If everything goes well…)

These phrases are widely used in daily speech and can help you sound more natural when speaking Spanish.

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Usage of Conditional Sentences in Spanish

Conditional sentences in Spanish are used to express different levels of possibility, probability, or hypothetical situations. The type of conditional used depends on whether the condition is real, unlikely, or impossible. Let’s break down the three main types of conditional sentences and when to use them.

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1. First Conditional (Real Conditions in the Present or Future)

The first conditional is used when there is a real and possible situation in the present or future. It describes what will happen if a certain condition is met.

When to Use the First Conditional:

✅ To express possible future outcomes based on a condition:

• Si estudias, aprobarás el examen.
  (If you study, you will pass the exam.)

✅ To give warnings or advice:

• Si no llevas abrigo, tendrás frío.
  (If you don’t wear a coat, you will be cold.)

✅ To talk about rules or natural consequences:

• Si calientas el agua a 100 grados, hierve.
  (If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.)

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2. Second Conditional (Hypothetical or Unreal Situations in the Present or Future)

The second conditional is used to talk about situations that are unlikely or purely hypothetical. It often expresses dreams, wishes, or hypothetical advice.

When to Use the Second Conditional:

✅ To describe imaginary or unlikely events:

• Si tuviera más dinero, compraría una casa grande.
  (If I had more money, I would buy a big house.)

✅ To give polite suggestions or advice:

• Si yo fuera tú, hablaría con el profesor.
  (If I were you, I would talk to the teacher.)

✅ To express desires or regrets:

• Si pudiera viajar en el tiempo, iría al pasado.
  (If I could travel in time, I would go to the past.)

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3. Third Conditional (Unreal Past Situations & Regrets)

The third conditional is used to talk about past situations that did not happen and their imaginary consequences. It expresses regret or missed opportunities.

When to Use the Third Conditional:

✅ To talk about things that could have happened differently in the past:

• Si hubieras estudiado más, habrías aprobado el examen.
  (If you had studied more, you would have passed the exam.)

✅ To express regrets about past choices:

• Si hubiera sabido la verdad, no habría dicho eso.
  (If I had known the truth, I wouldn’t have said that.)

✅ To describe how things could have been different:

• Si no hubiera llovido, habríamos ido a la playa.
  (If it hadn’t rained, we would have gone to the beach.)

These three types of conditional sentences allow us to express different levels of possibility, probability, and hypothetical thinking in Spanish.

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Conjugation Rules for Conditional Sentences in Spanish

Understanding how to conjugate verbs correctly is crucial when forming first, second, and third conditional sentences in Spanish. Each type follows a specific structure and verb tense. Let’s break them down step by step.

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1. First Conditional: Present + Future

The first conditional uses the present indicative in the “if” clause and the future simple in the result clause.

Formula:

✅ Si + present indicative, then future simple

Conjugation Example (Hablar – To Speak):

Person	Si clause (Present Indicative)	Result clause (Future Simple)
Yo	Si hablo… (If I speak…)	hablaré… (I will speak…)
Tú	Si hablas… (If you speak…)	hablarás… (You will speak…)
Él/Ella/Usted	Si habla… (If he/she speaks…)	hablará… (He/she will speak…)
Nosotros	Si hablamos… (If we speak…)	hablaremos… (We will speak…)
Vosotros	Si habláis… (If you all speak…)	hablaréis… (You all will speak…)
Ellos/Ustedes	Si hablan… (If they speak…)	hablarán… (They will speak…)

Example Sentences:

• Si estudias, aprobarás el examen. (If you study, you will pass the exam.)
• Si llueve, no iremos a la playa. (If it rains, we won’t go to the beach.)

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2. Second Conditional: Past Subjunctive + Conditional

The second conditional requires the past subjunctive in the “if” clause and the conditional tense in the result clause.

Formula:

✅ Si + past subjunctive, then conditional

Conjugation Example (Tener – To Have):

Person	Si clause (Past Subjunctive)	Result clause (Conditional)
Yo	Si tuviera… (If I had…)	tendría… (I would have…)
Tú	Si tuvieras… (If you had…)	tendrías… (You would have…)
Él/Ella/Usted	Si tuviera… (If he/she had…)	tendría… (He/she would have…)
Nosotros	Si tuviéramos… (If we had…)	tendríamos… (We would have…)
Vosotros	Si tuvierais… (If you all had…)	tendríais… (You all would have…)
Ellos/Ustedes	Si tuvieran… (If they had…)	tendrían… (They would have…)

Example Sentences:

• Si tuviera dinero, viajaría a España. (If I had money, I would travel to Spain.)
• Si fueras más paciente, aprenderías mejor. (If you were more patient, you would learn better.)

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3. Third Conditional: Past Perfect Subjunctive + Conditional Perfect

The third conditional is formed with the past perfect subjunctive in the “if” clause and the conditional perfect in the result clause.

Formula:

✅ Si + past perfect subjunctive, then conditional perfect

Conjugation Example (Ser – To Be):

Person	Si clause (Past Perfect Subjunctive)	Result clause (Conditional Perfect)
Yo	Si hubiera sido… (If I had been…)	habría sido… (I would have been…)
Tú	Si hubieras sido… (If you had been…)	habrías sido… (You would have been…)
Él/Ella/Usted	Si hubiera sido… (If he/she had been…)	habría sido… (He/she would have been…)
Nosotros	Si hubiéramos sido… (If we had been…)	habríamos sido… (We would have been…)
Vosotros	Si hubierais sido… (If you all had been…)	habríais sido… (You all would have been…)
Ellos/Ustedes	Si hubieran sido… (If they had been…)	habrían sido… (They would have been…)

Example Sentences:

• Si hubieras estudiado más, habrías aprobado el examen. (If you had studied more, you would have passed the exam.)
• Si me hubieras llamado, habría venido antes. (If you had called me, I would have come earlier.)

Now that we’ve covered conjugation rules, the next section will explain grammar rules in detail to ensure you use these conditionals correctly.

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Grammar Rules for Conditional Sentences in Spanish

Understanding the structure of conditional sentences is essential to using them correctly. While we’ve already covered conjugation, let’s now dive into important grammar rules that govern how conditional sentences work in Spanish.

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1. Structure of Conditional Sentences

Each conditional sentence consists of two clauses:

1. The “Si” Clause (Condition) → Expresses the condition.
2. The Main Clause (Result) → Expresses the result if the condition is met.

Basic Sentence Patterns

• First Conditional:
  • Si + present tense, future tense
  • Si estudias, aprobarás el examen. (If you study, you will pass the exam.)
• Second Conditional:
  • Si + past subjunctive, conditional tense
  • Si tuviera dinero, viajaría por el mundo. (If I had money, I would travel the world.)
• Third Conditional:
  • Si + past perfect subjunctive, conditional perfect tense
  • Si hubieras venido, te habrías divertido. (If you had come, you would have had fun.)

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2. Word Order in Conditional Sentences

The order of the clauses can change without altering the meaning.
✅ Si clause first: Si practicas, mejorarás tu español. (If you practice, you will improve your Spanish.)
✅ Result clause first: Mejorarás tu español si practicas. (You will improve your Spanish if you practice.)

🚨 Important: When the “si” clause comes first, a comma is needed. When it comes second, no comma is required.

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3. Conditional Sentences Without “Si”

Although “si” (if) is the most common way to introduce a conditional sentence, other expressions can be used instead:

✅ De + infinitive (For hypothetical conditions in second and third conditionals)

• De tener tiempo, te ayudaría. (If I had time, I would help you.)

✅ Como + subjunctive (For warnings or threats – equivalent to “If you ever…”)

• Como llegues tarde otra vez, te despedirán. (If you ever arrive late again, they will fire you.)

✅ A menos que + subjunctive (Unless…)

• No saldré a menos que deje de llover. (I won’t go out unless it stops raining.)

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4. The Use of “Cuando” Instead of “Si” in First Conditional

In the first conditional, “cuando” (when) can sometimes replace “si” (if), but only if we are talking about something that will definitely happen in the future.

✅ Cuando termine la reunión, te llamaré. (When the meeting ends, I will call you.)
❌ Cuando tuviera más dinero, viajaría más. (Incorrect – second conditional cannot use “cuando”)

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5. “Si” Never Uses the Future or Conditional in the Condition Clause

One of the most common mistakes learners make is using the future or conditional tense after “si” in the condition clause.

🚨 Incorrect:
❌ Si tendrás tiempo, llámame. (If you will have time, call me.)
🚀 Correct:
✅ Si tienes tiempo, llámame. (If you have time, call me.)

🚨 Incorrect:
❌ Si tendría dinero, compraría un coche. (If I would have money, I would buy a car.)
🚀 Correct:
✅ Si tuviera dinero, compraría un coche. (If I had money, I would buy a car.)

Now that we’ve covered the grammar rules, the next section will highlight tricky points and exceptions that you need to keep in mind.

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Things to Keep in Mind: Tricky Points and Exceptions

While conditional sentences in Spanish follow clear patterns, there are tricky points, irregularities, and exceptions that learners should be aware of. Let’s go over these carefully.

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1. The Present Indicative Can Sometimes Replace the Future in First Conditional Sentences

In spoken Spanish, it’s common to use the present indicative in both clauses instead of the future tense, even when talking about the future.

✅ Standard First Conditional (With Future Tense):

• Si estudias, aprobarás el examen. (If you study, you will pass the exam.)

✅ Alternative (Using Present Indicative in Both Clauses):

• Si estudias, apruebas el examen. (If you study, you pass the exam.)

Both are correct, but the second is more natural in conversation.

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2. The Second Conditional Sometimes Uses “Imperfect Indicative” Instead of “Past Subjunctive”

In some Spanish-speaking countries (especially in Latin America), imperfect indicative is sometimes used instead of past subjunctive in the second conditional.

✅ Standard:

• Si tú fueras más alto, jugarías baloncesto. (If you were taller, you would play basketball.)

✅ Alternative (Common in Latin America):

• Si tú eras más alto, jugabas baloncesto. (If you were taller, you would play basketball.)

🚀 Note: The first version (with past subjunctive) is grammatically correct in formal Spanish. The second version is considered colloquial.

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3. The Third Conditional Can Sometimes Use the Simple Conditional Instead of Conditional Perfect

In spoken Spanish, some people simplify the third conditional by replacing the conditional perfect with the simple conditional (though this is not always grammatically correct).

✅ Standard Third Conditional (Using Conditional Perfect):

• Si hubieras estudiado, habrías aprobado el examen. (If you had studied, you would have passed the exam.)

🚨 Colloquial Alternative (Less Formal, Less Accurate):

• Si hubieras estudiado, aprobabas el examen. (If you had studied, you would pass the exam.)

This structure is common in casual speech but should be avoided in formal writing.

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4. Some Irregular Verbs in Conditional Sentences

Some verbs have irregular forms in the future and conditional tenses. Since the first and second conditionals rely on these tenses, it’s important to recognize them.

✅ Common Irregular Verbs in the Future & Conditional Tenses:

Infinitive	Future (Yo Form)	Conditional (Yo Form)
Tener (to have)	Tendré	Tendría
Hacer (to do/make)	Haré	Haría
Decir (to say/tell)	Diré	Diría
Poder (to be able to)	Podré	Podría
Venir (to come)	Vendré	Vendría
Querer (to want)	Querré	Querría

Example Sentences:

• Si tengo dinero, compraré un coche. (If I have money, I will buy a car.)
• Si tuviera dinero, compraría un coche. (If I had money, I would buy a car.)
• Si hubiera tenido dinero, habría comprado un coche. (If I had had money, I would have bought a car.)

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5. “Como Si” Always Uses the Past Subjunctive

The phrase “como si” (as if) always triggers the past subjunctive, even if the meaning is in the present.

✅ Correct:

• Me mira como si fuera un extraterrestre. (He looks at me as if I were an alien.)
• Habla como si supiera todo. (He speaks as if he knew everything.)

🚨 Incorrect:
❌ Me mira como si es un extraterrestre.

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6. The Difference Between “Si No” and “Sino”

🚀 “Si no” (two words) means “if not.”

• Si no estudias, no aprobarás. (If you don’t study, you won’t pass.)

🚀 “Sino” (one word) means “but rather”

• No quiero café, sino té. (I don’t want coffee, but rather tea.)

Many Spanish learners confuse these, so it’s important to remember the difference!

Now that we’ve covered these tricky points, the next section will focus on common mistakes learners make and how to avoid them.

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Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

Even experienced learners make mistakes with first, second, and third conditional sentences in Spanish. Let’s go over the most frequent errors and how to correct them.

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1. Using the Future or Conditional in the “Si” Clause

🚨 Mistake:
❌ Si tendrás tiempo, llámame. (If you will have time, call me.)
❌ Si tendría dinero, compraría un coche. (If I would have money, I would buy a car.)

🚀 Correction:
✅ Si tienes tiempo, llámame. (If you have time, call me.)
✅ Si tuviera dinero, compraría un coche. (If I had money, I would buy a car.)

📌 Rule: The “si” clause never takes the future or conditional tense. It must always use the present indicative (first conditional) or past subjunctive (second conditional).

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2. Confusing “Si” (If) with “Sí” (Yes)

🚨 Mistake:
❌ Sí tienes hambre, come algo. (Yes you are hungry, eat something.)

🚀 Correction:
✅ Si tienes hambre, come algo. (If you are hungry, eat something.)

📌 Rule: Si (without an accent) means “if.” Sí (with an accent) means “yes.”

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3. Forgetting to Use the Past Subjunctive in the Second Conditional

🚨 Mistake:
❌ Si tengo más dinero, viajaría a España. (If I have more money, I would travel to Spain.)

🚀 Correction:
✅ Si tuviera más dinero, viajaría a España. (If I had more money, I would travel to Spain.)

📌 Rule: The past subjunctive must be used in the “si” clause of a second conditional sentence.

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4. Incorrect Word Order

🚨 Mistake:
❌ Si aprobarás el examen estudias. (If you will pass the exam, you study.)

🚀 Correction:
✅ Si estudias, aprobarás el examen. (If you study, you will pass the exam.)

📌 Rule: Condition comes first, result follows. Word order can be reversed, but verb tenses must stay correct.

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5. Misusing the Third Conditional

🚨 Mistake:
❌ Si estudiabas más, habrías aprobado el examen. (If you studied more, you would have passed the exam.)

🚀 Correction:
✅ Si hubieras estudiado más, habrías aprobado el examen. (If you had studied more, you would have passed the exam.)

📌 Rule: The third conditional requires the past perfect subjunctive (hubieras + past participle) in the “si” clause.

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6. Not Using a Comma When the “Si” Clause Comes First

🚨 Mistake:
❌ Si practicas mejorarás tu español. (If you practice you will improve your Spanish.)

🚀 Correction:
✅ Si practicas, mejorarás tu español. (If you practice, you will improve your Spanish.)

📌 Rule: When the “si” clause comes first, a comma is needed before the main clause.

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7. Mixing Up “Si No” and “Sino”

🚨 Mistake:
❌ Si no quieres café, sino té. (If not you want coffee, but rather tea.)

🚀 Correction:
✅ Si no quieres café, toma té. (If you don’t want coffee, have tea.)
✅ No quiero café, sino té. (I don’t want coffee, but rather tea.)

📌 Rule:

• Si no (two words) means “if not”
• Sino (one word) means “but rather”

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8. Incorrectly Using “Como Si” with the Indicative Instead of the Subjunctive

🚨 Mistake:
❌ Habla como si sabe todo. (He talks as if he knows everything.)

🚀 Correction:
✅ Habla como si supiera todo. (He talks as if he knew everything.)

📌 Rule: “Como si” always requires the past subjunctive.

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9. Overusing “Si” When Other Structures Work Better

🚨 Mistake:
❌ Si no me llamas, estaré preocupado. (If you don’t call me, I will be worried.)

🚀 Alternative:
✅ A menos que me llames, estaré preocupado. (Unless you call me, I will be worried.)

📌 Tip: Instead of always using “si,” try alternatives like “a menos que” (unless), “de” + infinitive, or “como” for variety and accuracy.

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10. Translating Directly from English

🚨 Mistake:
❌ Si hubiera sido tú, no haría eso. (If I had been you, I wouldn’t do that.)

🚀 Correction:
✅ Si yo fuera tú, no haría eso. (If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.)

📌 Rule: Spanish does not use the past perfect subjunctive (“hubiera sido”) in hypothetical identity situations. The past subjunctive (“fuera”) is correct.

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Example Sentences: First, Second, and Third Conditional in Spanish

Below are 20 example sentences demonstrating the first, second, and third conditionals in Spanish. Each example includes the English translation to help you understand the structure and meaning.

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🔹 First Conditional (Si + Present Indicative → Future/Imperative/Present)

Used for real or likely situations in the present or future.

1. Si estudias, aprobarás el examen. (If you study, you will pass the exam.)
2. Si me llamas, iré contigo. (If you call me, I will go with you.)
3. Si llueve, llevaremos paraguas. (If it rains, we will take umbrellas.)
4. Si tienes hambre, come algo. (If you are hungry, eat something.)
5. Si trabajas duro, tendrás éxito. (If you work hard, you will succeed.)

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🔹 Second Conditional (Si + Past Subjunctive → Conditional)

Used for hypothetical or unlikely situations in the present or future.

6. Si tuviera más dinero, viajaría por el mundo. (If I had more money, I would travel the world.)
7. Si fueras más paciente, te iría mejor. (If you were more patient, things would go better for you.)
8. Si supiera cocinar, haría una cena deliciosa. (If I knew how to cook, I would make a delicious dinner.)
9. Si vivieras en España, hablarías español perfectamente. (If you lived in Spain, you would speak Spanish perfectly.)
10. Si no hiciera tanto frío, saldríamos a caminar. (If it weren’t so cold, we would go for a walk.)

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🔹 Third Conditional (Si + Past Perfect Subjunctive → Conditional Perfect)

Used for impossible past situations (things that didn’t happen).

11. Si hubieras estudiado, habrías aprobado el examen. (If you had studied, you would have passed the exam.)
12. Si me hubieras avisado antes, habría llegado a tiempo. (If you had warned me earlier, I would have arrived on time.)
13. Si no hubiéramos perdido el tren, habríamos llegado más rápido. (If we hadn’t missed the train, we would have arrived faster.)
14. Si hubieras escuchado, no habrías cometido el error. (If you had listened, you wouldn’t have made the mistake.)
15. Si hubiéramos ahorrado dinero, habríamos comprado una casa. (If we had saved money, we would have bought a house.)

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🔹 Mixed Conditionals (Combining Second & Third Conditional)

Used for past situations with present/future consequences.

16. Si hubiera estudiado medicina, ahora sería doctor. (If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.)
17. Si no hubieras perdido tu pasaporte, estarías en París ahora. (If you hadn’t lost your passport, you would be in Paris now.)
18. Si hubiera nacido en Italia, hablaría italiano perfectamente. (If I had been born in Italy, I would speak Italian perfectly.)
19. Si hubieras entrenado más, jugarías en el equipo profesional. (If you had trained more, you would be playing on the professional team.)
20. Si hubiera tomado el tren temprano, no llegaría tarde ahora. (If I had taken the early train, I wouldn’t be late now.)

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💡 Key Takeaways:

• First conditional = Real situations → Present + Future.
• Second conditional = Hypothetical present/future → Past subjunctive + Conditional.
• Third conditional = Impossible past → Past perfect subjunctive + Conditional perfect.
• Mixed conditional = Past situations affecting the present.

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Exercise: Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Conditional Form

Below are 20 fill-in-the-blank sentences to test your understanding of first, second, and third conditional sentences in Spanish. Try to complete each sentence with the correct verb form!

💡 Instructions:

• Try to complete the blanks using the correct verb form.
• Pay attention to whether it is a first, second, third, or mixed conditional sentence.
• If needed, review the grammar rules before answering.

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🔹 First Conditional (Si + Present Indicative → Future/Imperative/Present)

1. Si __________ (tener) tiempo, te ayudaré con la tarea. (If I have time, I will help you with the homework.)
2. Si no __________ (estudiar), no aprobarás el examen. (If you don’t study, you won’t pass the exam.)
3. Si __________ (llover), llevaremos un paraguas. (If it rains, we will take an umbrella.)
4. Si __________ (llegar) temprano, podremos elegir los mejores asientos. (If we arrive early, we will be able to choose the best seats.)
5. Si __________ (hacer) calor, iremos a la playa. (If it’s hot, we will go to the beach.)

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🔹 Second Conditional (Si + Past Subjunctive → Conditional)

6. Si __________ (tener) más dinero, viajaría por el mundo. (If I had more money, I would travel the world.)
7. Si __________ (poder) hablar francés, trabajaría en París. (If I could speak French, I would work in Paris.)
8. Si tú __________ (ser) más amable, tendrías más amigos. (If you were kinder, you would have more friends.)
9. Si ellos __________ (vivir) en España, hablarían español perfectamente. (If they lived in Spain, they would speak Spanish perfectly.)
10. Si __________ (haber) menos tráfico, llegaríamos a tiempo. (If there were less traffic, we would arrive on time.)

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🔹 Third Conditional (Si + Past Perfect Subjunctive → Conditional Perfect)

11. Si __________ (saber) que venías, te habría esperado en la estación. (If I had known you were coming, I would have waited for you at the station.)
12. Si __________ (escuchar) a mi madre, no habría cometido ese error. (If I had listened to my mother, I wouldn’t have made that mistake.)
13. Si nosotros __________ (tomar) el tren temprano, habríamos llegado antes. (If we had taken the early train, we would have arrived earlier.)
14. Si ellos __________ (estudiar) más, habrían aprobado el examen. (If they had studied more, they would have passed the exam.)
15. Si tú __________ (haber) practicado más, habrías jugado mejor. (If you had practiced more, you would have played better.)

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🔹 Mixed Conditionals (Combining Second & Third Conditional)

16. Si __________ (nacer) en Italia, hablaría italiano perfectamente. (If I had been born in Italy, I would speak Italian perfectly.)
17. Si tú __________ (estudiar) más en la universidad, ahora tendrías un mejor trabajo. (If you had studied more at university, you would have a better job now.)
18. Si ellos __________ (haber) ahorrado dinero, ahora podrían comprar una casa. (If they had saved money, they could buy a house now.)
19. Si __________ (haber) entrenado más, jugaría en el equipo profesional. (If I had trained more, I would be playing on the professional team.)
20. Si tú __________ (haber) llegado a tiempo, no estarías tan estresado ahora. (If you had arrived on time, you wouldn’t be so stressed now.)

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Answers

Let’s see how many yo got Right.

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🔹 First Conditional (Si + Present Indicative → Future/Imperative/Present)

1. Si tengo tiempo, te ayudaré con la tarea. (If I have time, I will help you with the homework.)
2. Si no estudias, no aprobarás el examen. (If you don’t study, you won’t pass the exam.)
3. Si llueve, llevaremos un paraguas. (If it rains, we will take an umbrella.)
4. Si llegamos temprano, podremos elegir los mejores asientos. (If we arrive early, we will be able to choose the best seats.)
5. Si hace calor, iremos a la playa. (If it’s hot, we will go to the beach.)

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🔹 Second Conditional (Si + Past Subjunctive → Conditional)

6. Si tuviera más dinero, viajaría por el mundo. (If I had more money, I would travel the world.)
7. Si pudiera hablar francés, trabajaría en París. (If I could speak French, I would work in Paris.)
8. Si tú fueras más amable, tendrías más amigos. (If you were kinder, you would have more friends.)
9. Si ellos vivieran en España, hablarían español perfectamente. (If they lived in Spain, they would speak Spanish perfectly.)
10. Si hubiera menos tráfico, llegaríamos a tiempo. (If there were less traffic, we would arrive on time.)

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🔹 Third Conditional (Si + Past Perfect Subjunctive → Conditional Perfect)

11. Si hubiera sabido que venías, te habría esperado en la estación. (If I had known you were coming, I would have waited for you at the station.)
12. Si hubiera escuchado a mi madre, no habría cometido ese error. (If I had listened to my mother, I wouldn’t have made that mistake.)
13. Si nosotros hubiéramos tomado el tren temprano, habríamos llegado antes. (If we had taken the early train, we would have arrived earlier.)
14. Si ellos hubieran estudiado más, habrían aprobado el examen. (If they had studied more, they would have passed the exam.)
15. Si tú hubieras practicado más, habrías jugado mejor. (If you had practiced more, you would have played better.)

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🔹 Mixed Conditionals (Combining Second & Third Conditional)

16. Si hubiera nacido en Italia, hablaría italiano perfectamente. (If I had been born in Italy, I would speak Italian perfectly.)
17. Si tú hubieras estudiado más en la universidad, ahora tendrías un mejor trabajo. (If you had studied more at university, you would have a better job now.)
18. Si ellos hubieran ahorrado dinero, ahora podrían comprar una casa. (If they had saved money, they could buy a house now.)
19. Si hubiera entrenado más, jugaría en el equipo profesional. (If I had trained more, I would be playing on the professional team.)
20. Si tú hubieras llegado a tiempo, no estarías tan estresado ahora. (If you had arrived on time, you wouldn’t be so stressed now.)

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Summary: Key Takeaways on Conditional Sentences in Spanish

✔ First Conditional (Real Situations)

• Structure: Si + present indicative → future/imperative/present
• Used for possible or likely future events.

✔ Second Conditional (Hypothetical Situations)

• Structure: Si + past subjunctive → conditional
• Used for imaginary or unlikely situations in the present or future.

✔ Third Conditional (Impossible Past Situations)

• Structure: Si + past perfect subjunctive → conditional perfect
• Used for events that could have happened but didn’t.

✔ Mixed Conditionals (Past Events Affecting Present/Future)

• Combine second and third conditionals.
• Used when a past event influences a present or future outcome.

✔ Key Grammar Rules:

• Verb tenses must agree with each conditional type.
• No future tense after “si” in first conditionals.
• Use subjunctive in second and third conditionals.

✔ Common Mistakes to Avoid:

• Using the future tense after “si” in first conditionals.
• Forgetting to use the subjunctive in second and third conditionals.
• Mixing up past and present tenses in mixed conditionals.

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Conclusion: Master Conditional Sentences in Spanish!

Understanding first, second, and third conditional sentences in Spanish is essential for expressing real possibilities, hypothetical situations, and past regrets. These structures allow you to speak more naturally, express complex ideas, and improve fluency in Spanish.

👉Want to master Spanish: Check out more Spanish lessons here

Now that you’ve learned the rules, practice is key! Try forming your own conditional sentences, complete the exercises, and apply them in conversations. The more you use them, the more confident you’ll become.

🚀 Start using conditionals today and take your Spanish to the next level!

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