Japanese assumption expressions – My Language Classes

Understanding 〜ようだ in Japanese

The Japanese expression 〜ようだ (you da) is used to indicate resemblance, assumption, or conjecture based on observable evidence. It often translates to “seems like,” “appears to be,” or “looks like” in English. This form is frequently used in both spoken and written Japanese to express an impression based on visual or contextual clues rather than firsthand knowledge.

Formation of 〜ようだ

1. With Verbs:

Formation:
- Verb (dictionary form) + ようだ
- Verb (ta-form) + ようだ (past tense)

2. With Nouns:

Formation:
- Noun + のようだ

3. With Adjectives:

i-Adjectives:
- Adjective (plain form) + ようだ
na-Adjectives:
- Adjective (stem) + なようだ

Usage of 〜ようだ

Expressing Appearance – Used when something visually appears a certain way.
Expressing Similarity – Used to compare something to another thing.
Expressing Assumption – Used to make an educated guess based on observed facts.
Expressing Uncertainty – Used to indicate something that is not confirmed.

Situations where 〜ようだ is used

When making an assumption based on visual clues.
When describing a person’s behavior resembling something.
When comparing one thing to another.
When describing a feeling or state that is not directly observable.
When indicating a metaphorical expression.

Examples of Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives with 〜ようだ

Word Type	Base Word	〜ようだ Form	Example Sentence	Romaji	Meaning
Verb	食べる (taberu)	食べるようだ	あの子はよく食べるようだ。	Ano ko wa yoku taberu you da.	That child seems to eat a lot.
Verb	雨が降る (ame ga furu)	雨が降るようだ	突然暑くなったから雨が降るようだ。	Totsuzen atsuku natta kara ame ga furu you da.	It suddenly got hot, so it looks like it’s going to rain.
Verb	走る (hashiru)	走るようだ	子供が快速に走るようだ。	Kodomo ga kaisoku ni hashiru you da.	The child seems to be running fast.
Noun	神様 (kami-sama)	神様のようだ	他の行動は神様のようだ。	Kare no koudou wa kami-sama no you da.	His actions are like those of a god.
Adjective	青い (aoi)	青いようだ	水が青いようだ。	Mizu ga aoi you da.	The water seems to be blue.

More Example Sentences

他の思い通りのようだ。
Tano omoi doori no you da. (It seems to be just as he thought.)
子供はおなかがすいたようだ。
Kodomo wa onaka ga suita you da. (The child seems to be hungry.)
家の外は非常に冷たいようだ。
Ie no soto wa hijou ni tsumetai you da. (It seems to be extremely cold outside.)

Things to Keep in Mind

〜ようだ is different from 〜そうだ, which is used for hearsay or direct appearance.
It cannot be used for one’s own direct experiences.
〜ようだ can be formal or casual depending on context.

Fill in the Blanks

大きな壁が倒れる\u_____
その人はエンジニア\uの\u_____
雨が降りそう\u_____
私の猫は子猫の\u_____
その子は疲れている\u_____
その風は強い\u_____
かれの勝利は確実の_____

Answers

ようだ
ようだ
ようだ
ようだ
ようだ
ようだ
ようだ

Conclusion

〜ようだ is a crucial structure in Japanese that allows speakers to express assumptions, resemblance, and indirect knowledge. Mastering this form helps in making more natural and nuanced statements in Japanese conversations and writing.

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