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Tag: japanese sentence structure for time expressions
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Time Expressions in Japanese, Days of the Week, Date
Mastering Time Expressions in Japanese
Mastering time expressions in Japanese is essential for effective communication. Whether youโre discussing plans, recounting past events, or simply trying to understand the time, having a grasp of Japanese time vocabulary will make your conversations smoother and more precise. This guide will walk you through everything from days and dates to time particles and duration expressions.
1. Days of the Week in Japanese
Days of the Week
Understanding the days of the week in Japanese is fundamental when learning how to tell time in Japanese:
- ๆๆๆฅ (ใใคใใใณ) โ Monday
- ็ซๆๆฅ (ใใใใณ) โ Tuesday
- ๆฐดๆๆฅ (ใใใใใณ) โ Wednesday
- ๆจๆๆฅ (ใใใใใณ) โ Thursday
- ้ๆๆฅ (ใใใใใณ) โ Friday
- ๅๆๆฅ (ใฉใใใณ) โ Saturday
- ๆฅๆๆฅ (ใซใกใใใณ) โ Sunday
To express โon a specific day,โ simply add the particle โใซโ after the day name:
- ๆๆๆฅใซไผใใพใใใใ
(ใใคใใใณใซ ใใใพใใใ)
Letโs meet on Monday.
Dates in Japanese
The Japanese date format is Year + Month + Day. Hereโs how to say dates in Japanese:
- Year: 2024ๅนด (2024ใญใ)
- Month: 1ๆ (ใใกใใค) – January
- Day: 1ๆฅ (ใคใใใก) – 1st
Example:
- 2024ๅนด12ๆ24ๆฅ (2024ใญใ 12ใใค 24ใซใก) โ December 24, 2024.
Special Days
- ไปๆฅ (ใใใ) โ Today
- ๆๆฅ (ใใใ) โ Tomorrow
- ๆจๆฅ (ใใฎใ) โ Yesterday
2. Hours and Minutes in Japanese
Japanese Hours
To express hours, use the counter ๏ฝๆ (๏ฝใ):
- 1ๆ (ใใกใ) โ 1 oโclock
- 2ๆ (ใซใ) โ 2 oโclock
Japanese Minutes
For minutes, use the counter ๏ฝๅ (๏ฝใตใ/๏ฝใทใ):
- 1ๅ (ใใฃใทใ) โ 1 minute
- 5ๅ (ใใตใ) โ 5 minutes
Example:
- ไปใฏ3ๆ15ๅใงใใ
(ใใพใฏ ใใใ ใใ ใใใตใ ใงใ)
It is 3:15 now.
3. Relative Time Expressions in Japanese
Past, Present, and Future
- ไป (ใใพ) โ Now
- ใใฃใ โ A moment ago
- ๅพใง (ใใจใง) โ Later
- ใใใใ โ Soon
Example:
- ไปใใใฌใใ่ฆใฆใใพใใ
(ใใพใใฆใใณใ ใฟใฆใใพใ)
I am watching TV now.
Frequency Expressions in Japanese
- ๆฏๆฅ (ใพใใซใก) โ Every day
- ๆใ (ใจใใฉใ) โ Sometimes
- ใใ โ Often
- ใใพใซ โ Occasionally
4. Japanese Time Particles: ใซ, ใพใง, and ใใ
ใซ (ni)
The particle โใซโ is used for specific points in time:
- ๅๅพ5ๆใซไผใใพใใใใ
(ใใ ใใ ใซ ใใใพใใใ)
Letโs meet at 5 PM.
ใพใง (made)
โใพใงโ indicates โuntilโ a point in time:
- 5ๆใพใงๅใใพใใ
(ใใใพใง ใฏใใใใพใ)
I work until 5 oโclock.
ใใ (kara)
โใใโ means โfromโ a point in time:
- 9ๆใใไผ่ญฐใใใใพใใ
(ใใ ใใ ใใใ ใ ใใใพใ)
There is a meeting from 9 oโclock.
5. Expressing Duration in Japanese
To express duration, use ๏ฝๆ้ (๏ฝใใใ) for hours and ๏ฝๅ้ (๏ฝใตใใใ) for minutes:
- 2ๆ้ (ใซใใใ) โ 2 hours
- 30ๅ้ (ใใใใ ใฃใทใใใ) โ 30 minutes
Example:
- 3ๆ้ๅๅผทใใพใใใ
(ใใใใใ ในใใใใใใพใใ)
I studied for 3 hours.
6. Common Japanese Time-Related Phrases
- What time is it?
ไปไฝๆใงใใ๏ผ
(ใใพ ใชใใ ใงใใ) - At what time will you arrive?
ไฝๆใซ็ใใพใใ๏ผ
(ใชใใ ใซ ใคใใพใใ) - I will arrive at 8 oโclock.
8ๆใซ็ใใพใใ
(ใฏใกใ ใซ ใคใใพใ)
Tips for Learning Time Grammar in Japanese
- Master the Particles: Words like ใซ, ใพใง, and ใใ are vital for expressing time accurately.
- Practice Pronunciation: Be mindful of counters like ๅ (ใตใ/ใทใ) which change pronunciation based on the preceding number.
- Learn Contextual Usage: Time expressions in Japanese can vary between casual and formal contexts. For instance, ไป (now) is common in casual settings, while ็พๅจ (ใใใใ) is used in formal situations.
By incorporating these Japanese time expressions for beginners into your daily practice, youโll build confidence and fluency. Donโt forget to share your favorite Japanese time phrases list or ask questions in the comments below. Happy learning! ไปๆฅใ้ ๅผตใใพใใใ! (Letโs do our best today!)
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