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〜そうだ (Hearsay): Expressing Reported Speech in Japanese

〜そうだ (Appearance): Expressing ‘Looks Like’ in Japanese

〜そうだ (Hearsay) vs 〜そうだ (Appearance): Understanding the Difference

March 8, 2025

Using 〜てばかりいるin Japanese | My Language Classes

Understanding 〜てばかりいる in Japanese

Japanese is a language rich with nuance and subtle grammatical expressions. One such structure is 〜てばかりいる, a phrase used to indicate that someone is repeatedly or exclusively engaging in a specific action. In this post, we will explore the formation, meaning, nuances, and advanced usage of this structure. Additionally, we include example sentences, interactive exercises, and practice questions to help solidify your understanding. Whether you’re an advanced learner or new to Japanese grammar, this guide is designed to help you master 〜てばかりいる.

Introduction to 〜てばかりいる
Structure and Formation
Meaning and Nuances
Usage in Daily Conversation
Advanced Usage and Comparisons
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Example Sentences
Fill in the Blanks Exercise
Cultural Context and Practical Tips
Conclusion

Introduction to 〜てばかりいる

Japanese learners often encounter the structure 〜てばかりいる when discussing habitual or exclusive behavior. This construction suggests that the subject is overly fixated on one action, usually implying a negative or unbalanced approach to life. For example, saying “彼はゲームをしてばかりいる” (He is always playing video games) criticizes someone for neglecting other responsibilities. In this post, we’ll break down its formation, explore how context can change its nuance, and offer practical examples to improve your fluency.

Structure and Formation

The structure 〜てばかりいる is relatively straightforward once you understand the building blocks of Japanese verbs. It involves the て-form of a verb, which is then followed by ばかりいる.

Formation Steps:

Convert the Verb to て-form:
Start with the basic form of the verb and change it to the て-form.
- For example: 食べる (taberu) becomes 食べて (tabete).
Add ばかりいる:
Simply attach ばかりいる to the て-form of the verb to indicate continuous or exclusive repetition.
- 食べて + ばかりいる = 食べてばかりいる (tabete bakari iru), which translates to “always eating” or “doing nothing but eating.”

Quick Example:

Verb: 読む (yomu, to read)
Transformation: 読んで (yonde)
Full Expression: 読んでばかりいる (yonde bakari iru)
Meaning: “Always reading” or “doing nothing but reading.”

This formation clearly indicates that the subject is repetitively engaging in the action to the exclusion of other activities.

Meaning and Nuances

While the basic meaning of 〜てばかりいる is “to do something all the time,” the context in which it is used can add different shades of meaning. Let’s look at the main nuances:

1. Negative or Critical Connotation

In many cases, 〜てばかりいる is used to criticize someone for engaging in an activity excessively. This suggests that the behavior is imbalanced or neglectful of other responsibilities.

Example:

Japanese: 彼は仕事をせずに遊んでばかりいる。
Romaji: Kare wa shigoto o sezu ni asonde bakari iru.
English: “He is always playing instead of working.”

This sentence clearly criticizes the subject’s lack of productivity.

2. Neutral or Descriptive Usage

Occasionally, the expression might be used simply to describe a frequent behavior without an overt negative judgment. Context and tone determine whether the statement is a mere observation or a subtle critique.

Example:

Japanese: 彼女は旅行してばかりいる。
Romaji: Kanojo wa ryokou shite bakari iru.
English: “She is always traveling.”

Depending on the speaker’s tone, this could be interpreted as a positive reflection on her lifestyle or a subtle lament about her lack of stability.

3. Emphasis on Monotony

Using 〜てばかりいる can also imply that the subject’s life is monotonous or lacking variety. This usage hints at a lifestyle where one activity overshadows all others, possibly leading to stagnation.

Usage in Daily Conversation

In everyday conversation, Japanese speakers frequently use 〜てばかりいる to comment on habitual behavior. Whether in casual talk among friends or in more formal critiques, this structure is versatile. Here are a few contextual scenarios:

Family and Friends

Example: 兄は昼寝してばかりいる。
Romaji: Ani wa hirune shite bakari iru.
English: “My older brother is always taking naps.”
This might be used in a playful or critical tone among family members.

Workplace Critiques

Example: 部長は会議で話してばかりいる。
Romaji: Buchou wa kaigi de hanashite bakari iru.
English: “The manager is always just talking in meetings.”
This comment could be made to express frustration about a lack of decisive action.

Social Media and Informal Writing

Many blog posts, social media updates, and informal reviews incorporate this structure to convey a sense of ongoing or one-dimensional behavior, making it a popular choice for digital communication.

Advanced Usage and Comparisons

While 〜てばかりいる is effective for indicating repetitive action, advanced learners might also encounter similar structures or alternative expressions that can convey subtle differences. Here are some comparisons:

1. 〜てばかりじゃなくて

This structure is used to indicate that not only is the subject engaged in one action, but they should also consider other activities.

Example:

Japanese: 彼は勉強してばかりじゃなくて、運動もしなさい。
Romaji: Kare wa benkyou shite bakari janakute, undou mo shinasai.
English: “Not only do you study all the time, but also exercise.”

This form is often used to provide balanced advice.

2. 〜ているだけ

Although similar to 〜てばかりいる, this expression often lacks the critical nuance and focuses on the state or condition of doing something continuously.

Example:

Japanese: 彼は仕事をしているだけだ。
Romaji: Kare wa shigoto o shite iru dake da.
English: “He is just working.”
Here, the speaker might be emphasizing that the subject is only working, without a judgment on the behavior.

3. Emphasis with 〜ばかりか

A related but different construction is 〜ばかりか, used to indicate “not only… but also.” While this is not directly interchangeable, understanding it can help clarify when to use 〜てばかりいる versus other patterns.

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

Learning any new structure can lead to common errors. Here are some mistakes learners often make with 〜てばかりいる and tips on how to avoid them:

1. Incorrect て-form Usage

Ensure that you correctly convert the main verb into its て-form before attaching ばかりいる. For example, forgetting to change the verb 食べる to 食べて is a common error.

2. Overuse in Positive Contexts

Because 〜てばかりいる carries a negative nuance by default, using it in a purely positive context can lead to misunderstandings. Instead, consider alternative expressions if your intention is to describe a positive habit.

3. Mixing up Similar Structures

Avoid confusing 〜てばかりいる with similar expressions like 〜ているだけ. Each structure has a distinct nuance, so practice using them in context to understand the differences.

4. Neglecting Contextual Cues

The tone of your conversation plays a vital role in how 〜てばかりいる is interpreted. Make sure your context (verbal cues, facial expressions, etc.) aligns with the intended meaning, especially when speaking with native speakers.

Example Sentences

Below are ten example sentences using 〜てばかりいる, each complete with romaji and English translations. These examples range from casual conversation to more formal critiques.

Japanese: 彼は仕事をせずに遊んでばかりいる。
Romaji: Kare wa shigoto o sezu ni asonde bakari iru.
English: “He is always playing instead of working.”
Japanese: 子供たちはテレビを見てばかりいる。
Romaji: Kodomo-tachi wa terebi o mite bakari iru.
English: “The children are always watching TV.”
Japanese: 私は最近、食べてばかりいるので太った。
Romaji: Watashi wa saikin, tabete bakari iru node futotta.
English: “Recently, I’ve been eating all the time, so I gained weight.”
Japanese: 彼女はスマホをいじってばかりいる。
Romaji: Kanojo wa sumaho o ijitte bakari iru.
English: “She is always playing with her smartphone.”
Japanese: 彼は遅刻してばかりいるので、先生に怒られた。
Romaji: Kare wa chikoku shite bakari iru node, sensei ni okorareta.
English: “He is always late, so the teacher got angry.”
Japanese: 彼は漫画を読んでばかりいる。
Romaji: Kare wa manga o yonde bakari iru.
English: “He is always reading manga.”
Japanese: 最近、雨が降ってばかりいる。
Romaji: Saikin, ame ga futte bakari iru.
English: “Recently, it has been raining all the time.”
Japanese: 彼は文句を言ってばかりいる。
Romaji: Kare wa monku o itte bakari iru.
English: “He is always complaining.”
Japanese: 私は疲れているので寝てばかりいる。
Romaji: Watashi wa tsukarete iru node nete bakari iru.
English: “I am tired, so I am just sleeping all the time.”
Japanese: 彼女はお金を使ってばかりいる。
Romaji: Kanojo wa okane o tsukatte bakari iru.
English: “She is always spending money.”

Fill in the Blanks Exercise

Practice your understanding of 〜てばかりいる with these fill-in-the-blank questions. Choose the correct て-form of the verb to complete each sentence.

彼はスマホを ______ ばかりいる。
子供たちはお菓子を ______ ばかりいる。
私は最近、YouTubeを ______ ばかりいる。
彼は寝て ______ ばかりいる。
彼女は服を ______ ばかりいる。
私は映画を ______ ばかりいる。
彼はゲームを ______ ばかりいる。
彼女はSNSを ______ ばかりいる。
最近、彼は遅刻して ______ ばかりいる。
彼らは文句を ______ ばかりいる。

Answers:

いじって
食べて
見て
寝て (Note: For consistency, make sure you are using the proper て-form for 寝る: 寝て)
買って
見て
して
使って
して
言って

Cultural Context and Practical Tips

Understanding 〜てばかりいる isn’t just about grammar—it’s also about grasping the cultural nuances of Japanese communication. Here are some practical insights:

Balancing Criticism and Politeness

Japanese culture values harmony and indirect expression. When you use 〜てばかりいる to criticize someone, be mindful of your tone. It’s often softened with context or additional comments to avoid coming off as too harsh. For example, you might say, “もっと休むことも大事だけど、勉強してばかりいるのは良くないね” (“It’s important to rest sometimes, but always just studying isn’t good either.”).

Using the Structure in Different Settings

In the Workplace: Japanese work culture emphasizes diligence. Using 〜てばかりいる to comment on someone’s behavior in a work setting might be perceived as a critique on their productivity. Adjust your language accordingly.
Among Friends: When chatting with friends, this structure can be used playfully. For instance, teasing a friend for constantly being on their phone can be lighthearted if the tone is right.

Enhancing Your Speaking Skills

Incorporate 〜てばかりいる into your daily conversations by describing not only your habits but also those of fictional characters or public figures. This practice will help you become more comfortable with the structure and its contextual implications.

Conclusion

The 〜てばかりいる structure is a powerful tool in the Japanese language. It allows speakers to comment on behavior with nuance, whether critiquing excessive habits or simply describing frequent actions. By understanding its formation, exploring its nuances, and practicing with a variety of exercises, you can gain both a technical and cultural mastery of this grammatical pattern.

Remember that language learning is a gradual process. Continue to practice with example sentences, engage in interactive exercises, and immerse yourself in native content to improve your fluency. As you grow more confident, try creating your own sentences and scenarios using 〜てばかりいる.

For those interested in more advanced topics, explore similar structures like 〜てばかりじゃなくて and 〜ているだけ, which can further refine your ability to express balanced thoughts in Japanese.

We hope this comprehensive guide has deepened your understanding of 〜てばかりいる. Stay tuned for more in-depth Japanese language lessons, tips, and cultural insights. If you found this post useful, please share it with fellow learners and subscribe for updates on new content!

Happy learning! 😊

JAPANESE

Japanese Verb Conjugation: Dictionary, ます, and Negative Forms

Mastering the Japanese Te-Form: A Comprehensive Guide

Mastering the Japanese たい Form: A Comprehensive Guide

Mastering the Expressions of Ability in Japanese

Understanding Japanese Verb Groups: A Beginner’s Guide

〜そうだ (Hearsay): Expressing Reported Speech in Japanese

〜そうだ (Appearance): Expressing ‘Looks Like’ in Japanese

〜そうだ (Hearsay) vs 〜そうだ (Appearance): Understanding the Difference

March 6, 2025

Understanding 〜だけでなく〜も in Japanese | My Language Classes

Using 〜だけでなく〜も in Japanese

In Japanese, the structure 〜だけでなく〜も is a versatile and commonly used grammatical pattern that means “not only… but also…” in English. It is used to emphasize that something is true not just about one thing, but about another as well. This structure is incredibly useful for adding depth and nuance to your sentences, whether you’re talking about nouns, verbs, or adjectives.

For example, if you want to say, “Not only is she smart, but she is also kind,” you would use 〜だけでなく〜も to convey this idea. This blog post will guide you through the formation, usage, and nuances of this structure, along with plenty of examples to help you master it.

Formation of 〜だけでなく〜も

The structure 〜だけでなく〜も can be used with nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Let’s break it down:

1. With Nouns

When used with nouns, the structure is:
Noun + だけでなく + Noun + も

Example:

彼は先生だけでなく作家でもあります。
(Kare wa sensei dake de naku sakka demo arimasu.)
He is not only a teacher but also a writer.

2. With Verbs

When used with verbs, the structure is:
Verb (dictionary form) + だけでなく + Verb + も

Example:

彼女は歌うだけでなく踊ることもできます。
(Kanojo wa utau dake de naku odoru koto mo dekimasu.)
She can not only sing but also dance.

3. With Adjectives

When used with adjectives, the structure is:
Adjective + だけでなく + Adjective + も

Example:

この映画は面白いだけでなく感動的でもあります。
(Kono eiga wa omoshiroi dake de naku kandouteki demo arimasu.)
This movie is not only interesting but also moving.

Usage of 〜だけでなく〜も

The 〜だけでなく〜も structure is used in a variety of situations to emphasize that two or more things are true. It can be used in formal and informal contexts, and it works well in both written and spoken Japanese. Here are some common situations where you might use it:

Highlighting multiple qualities of a person or thing:
- 彼は頭がいいだけでなくスポーツも得意です。
  (Kare wa atama ga ii dake de naku supōtsu mo tokui desu.)
  He is not only smart but also good at sports.
Adding additional information:
- このレストランは安いだけでなく美味しいです。
  (Kono resutoran wa yasui dake de naku oishii desu.)
  This restaurant is not only cheap but also delicious.
Expanding on actions or abilities:
- 彼は走るだけでなく泳ぐこともできます。
  (Kare wa hashiru dake de naku oyogu koto mo dekimasu.)
  He can not only run but also swim.

Table of Examples

Here’s a table with examples of 〜だけでなく〜も used with nouns, verbs, and adjectives:

Situation	Example Sentence (Japanese)	Romaji Version	English Meaning
Noun + だけでなく + Noun + も	彼は医者だけでなく画家でもあります。	Kare wa isha dake de naku gaka demo arimasu.	He is not only a doctor but also a painter.
	この本は面白いだけでなく役に立つです。	Kono hon wa omoshiroi dake de naku yaku ni tatsu desu.	This book is not only interesting but also useful.
Verb + だけでなく + Verb + も	彼女は料理するだけでなく掃除することも好きです。	Kanojo wa ryōri suru dake de naku sōji suru koto mo suki desu.	She not only likes to cook but also likes to clean.
	彼は勉強するだけでなく遊ぶことも大切にしています。	Kare wa benkyō suru dake de naku asobu koto mo taisetsu ni shiteimasu.	He not only studies but also values playing.
Adjective + だけでなく + Adjective + も	この町は静かなだけでなく美しいです。	Kono machi wa shizuka na dake de naku utsukushii desu.	This town is not only quiet but also beautiful.
	彼の話は長いだけでなく退屈です。	Kare no hanashi wa nagai dake de naku taikutsu desu.	His story is not only long but also boring.

More Example Sentences

Here are 10 more examples of 〜だけでなく〜も in action:

彼は日本語だけでなく英語も話せます。
(Kare wa nihongo dake de naku eigo mo hanasemasu.)
He can speak not only Japanese but also English.
この車は速いだけでなく安全です。
(Kono kuruma wa hayai dake de naku anzen desu.)
This car is not only fast but also safe.
彼女は歌うだけでなくピアノを弾くこともできます。
(Kanojo wa utau dake de naku piano o hiku koto mo dekimasu.)
She can not only sing but also play the piano.
このアプリは便利なだけでなく無料です。
(Kono apuri wa benri na dake de naku muryō desu.)
This app is not only convenient but also free.
彼は勉強だけでなくスポーツも得意です。
(Kare wa benkyō dake de naku supōtsu mo tokui desu.)
He is not only good at studying but also at sports.
このレストランは美味しいだけでなく雰囲気も良いです。
(Kono resutoran wa oishii dake de naku funiki mo ii desu.)
This restaurant is not only delicious but also has a good atmosphere.
彼は走るだけでなく泳ぐこともできます。
(Kare wa hashiru dake de naku oyogu koto mo dekimasu.)
He can not only run but also swim.
この本は面白いだけでなくためになるです。
(Kono hon wa omoshiroi dake de naku tame ni naru desu.)
This book is not only interesting but also informative.
彼女は優しいだけでなく頭もいいです。
(Kanojo wa yasashii dake de naku atama mo ii desu.)
She is not only kind but also smart.
この公園は広いだけでなく静かです。
(Kono kōen wa hiroi dake de naku shizuka desu.)
This park is not only spacious but also quiet.

Things to Keep in Mind

Politeness Level: The structure 〜だけでなく〜も can be used in both formal and informal contexts. However, in formal writing or speech, you might want to use 〜のみならず〜も for a more polished tone.
Order of Information: The first part of the sentence (before だけでなく) is usually the more obvious or expected information, while the second part (after も) adds something unexpected or additional.
Avoid Overuse: While this structure is useful, overusing it can make your sentences sound repetitive. Use it when you want to emphasize the addition of information.
Parallel Structure: Ensure that the parts before and after だけでなく are grammatically parallel (e.g., both nouns, both verbs, or both adjectives).

Fill in the Blanks

Here are 10 fill-in-the-blank questions to test your understanding of 〜だけでなく〜も:

彼は日本語だけでなく________も話せます。
(Kare wa nihongo dake de naku ________ mo hanasemasu.)
この映画は________だけでなく感動的でもあります。
(Kono eiga wa ________ dake de naku kandouteki demo arimasu.)
彼女は歌うだけでなく________こともできます。
(Kanojo wa utau dake de naku ________ koto mo dekimasu.)
この本は________だけでなく役に立つです。
(Kono hon wa ________ dake de naku yaku ni tatsu desu.)
彼は走るだけでなく________こともできます。
(Kare wa hashiru dake de naku ________ koto mo dekimasu.)
この町は________だけでなく美しいです。
(Kono machi wa ________ dake de naku utsukushii desu.)
彼は勉強だけでなく________も得意です。
(Kare wa benkyō dake de naku ________ mo tokui desu.)
このアプリは________だけでなく無料です。
(Kono apuri wa ________ dake de naku muryō desu.)
彼女は優しいだけでなく________です。
(Kanojo wa yasashii dake de naku ________ desu.)
この公園は________だけでなく静かです。
(Kono kōen wa ________ dake de naku shizuka desu.)

Answers:

英語 (eigo)
面白い (omoshiroi)
踊る (odoru)
面白い (omoshiroi)
泳ぐ (oyogu)
静か (shizuka)
スポーツ (supōtsu)
便利 (benri)
頭がいい (atama ga ii)
広い (hiroi)

Conclusion

The 〜だけでなく〜も structure is a powerful tool in Japanese for emphasizing multiple qualities, actions, or characteristics. Whether you’re describing people, places, or things, this pattern allows you to add depth and nuance to your sentences. By mastering its formation and usage, you’ll be able to express yourself more clearly and effectively in Japanese. Keep practicing with the examples and exercises provided, and soon you’ll be using 〜だけでなく〜も like a pro!

Happy learning! 😊

JAPANESE

Japanese Verb Conjugation: Dictionary, ます, and Negative Forms

Mastering the Japanese Te-Form: A Comprehensive Guide

Mastering the Japanese たい Form: A Comprehensive Guide

Mastering the Expressions of Ability in Japanese

Understanding Japanese Verb Groups: A Beginner’s Guide

〜そうだ (Hearsay): Expressing Reported Speech in Japanese

〜そうだ (Appearance): Expressing ‘Looks Like’ in Japanese

〜そうだ (Hearsay) vs 〜そうだ (Appearance): Understanding the Difference

February 17, 2025

Using〜そうだ (Appearance) | My Language Classes:

Expressing ‘Looks Like’ in Japanese 〜そうだ

In Japanese, the grammar pattern 〜そうだ (sou da) is used to express that something “looks like” or “seems” a certain way based on its appearance. This pattern is useful when describing objects, actions, or situations that give a certain impression. It is often used with adjectives, nouns, and verbs, but its meaning slightly changes depending on the word category.

This blog will guide you through the formation, usage, and different contexts where 〜そうだ (Appearance) can be applied.

Formation of 〜そうだ (Appearance)

1. Using with Adjectives

For i-adjectives: Drop the final い (i) and add 〜そうだ.
- Example: おいしい → おいしそうだ (Oishii → Oishisou da) – “Looks delicious.”
For na-adjectives: Just add 〜そうだ directly to the adjective.
- Example: 美しい → 美しそうだ (Utsukushii → Utsukushisou da) – “Looks beautiful.”

2. Using with Verbs

For verbs (stem form): Take the ます-stem and add 〜そうだ.
- Example: 雨が降る (Ame ga furu) → 雨が降りそうだ (Ame ga furisou da) – “It looks like it will rain.”

3. Using with Nouns

Nouns do not usually take the 〜そうだ form when expressing appearance. Instead, のようだ or みたいだ is commonly used.

Usage of 〜そうだ (Appearance) Form

1. Describing Physical Appearance:

「他は強そうだ」

Romaji: Kare wa tsuyosou da.
English: He looks strong.

「このかばんは重そうだ」

Romaji: Kono kaban wa omosou da.
English: This bag looks heavy.

2. Expressing Predictions Based on Appearance:

「このケーキは生でたべられそうだ」

Romaji: Kono kēki wa nama de taberare-sou da.
English: This cake looks edible raw.

「この車はまだ動きそうだ」

Romaji: Kono kuruma wa mada ugoki-sou da.
English: This car looks like it can still run.

3. Talking About Immediate Future Actions:

「雨が降りそうだ」

Romaji: Ame ga furi-sou da.
English: It looks like it’s going to rain.

「電車が出発しそうだ」

Romaji: Densha ga shuppatsu shisou da.
English: The train looks like it’s about to depart.

Common Words with 〜そうだ (Appearance) Form:

Here’s a well-structured table with verbs, nouns, and adjectives in their 〜そうだ (Appearance) Form, along with two example sentences for each.

Type	Word	〜そうだ Form	Example Sentence 1	Romaji	English Meaning	Example Sentence 2	Romaji	English Meaning
Verb	食べる (taberu) – to eat	食べられそうだ (taberare-sou da)	このケーキは美味しそうだから食べられそうだ。	Kono kēki wa oishisou dakara taberare-sou da.	This cake looks delicious, so it seems edible.	このスープは熱そうだけど飲めそうだ。	Kono sūpu wa atsusou dakedo nome-sou da.	This soup looks hot, but it seems drinkable.
Verb	壊れる (kowareru) – to break	壊れそうだ (koware-sou da)	この椅子は古くて壊れそうだ。	Kono isu wa furukute koware-sou da.	This chair looks old and about to break.	このおもちゃは落としたら壊れそうだ。	Kono omocha wa otoshitara koware-sou da.	This toy looks like it will break if dropped.
Noun	雨 (ame) – rain	雨が降りそうだ (ame ga furi-sou da)	空が暗くなってきたから、雨が降りそうだ。	Sora ga kuraku natte kita kara, ame ga furi-sou da.	The sky is getting dark, so it looks like it’s going to rain.	風が強くなってきたし、雨が降りそうだね。	Kaze ga tsuyoku natte kita shi, ame ga furi-sou da ne.	The wind is getting stronger, and it looks like it will rain.
Noun	試験 (shiken) – exam	試験が難しそうだ (shiken ga muzukashisou da)	明日の試験は難しそうだ。	Ashita no shiken wa muzukashisou da.	Tomorrow’s exam looks difficult.	先生の説明を聞いて、試験が簡単そうだと思った。	Sensei no setsumei o kiite, shiken ga kantansou da to omotta.	After hearing the teacher’s explanation, I thought the exam looked easy.
Adjective	美味しい (oishii) – delicious	美味しそうだ (oishisou da)	このラーメンは美味しそうだね！	Kono rāmen wa oishisou da ne!	This ramen looks delicious!	おばあちゃんの作ったケーキは美味しそうだ。	Obaachan no tsukutta kēki wa oishisou da.	The cake my grandmother made looks delicious.
Adjective	楽しい (tanoshii) – fun	楽しそうだ (tanoshisou da)	彼らの旅行はとても楽しそうだ。	Karera no ryokō wa totemo tanoshisou da.	Their trip looks really fun.	あの子たちはゲームをしていて楽しそうだね。	Ano kotachi wa gēmu o shiteite tanoshisou da ne.	Those kids look like they’re having fun playing games.
Adjective	寒い (samui) – cold	寒そうだ (samusou da)	彼は薄い服を着ていて寒そうだ。	Kare wa usui fuku o kiteite samusou da.	He is wearing thin clothes and looks cold.	外は雪が降っていてとても寒そうだ。	Soto wa yuki ga futteite totemo samusou da.	It is snowing outside, and it looks very cold.

More Example Sentences

Here are 10 more example sentences using 〜そうだ (Appearance) Form, along with romaji and English meanings:

このスープは熱そうだ。
- Romaji: Kono sūpu wa atsusou da.
- English: This soup looks hot.
彼は疲れていそうだ。
- Romaji: Kare wa tsukareteisou da.
- English: He looks tired.
あの建物は古くて壊れそうだ。
- Romaji: Ano tatemono wa furukute kowaresou da.
- English: That building looks old and about to collapse.
この箱は軽そうだね。
- Romaji: Kono hako wa karusou da ne.
- English: This box looks light.
彼の話は面白そうだ。
- Romaji: Kare no hanashi wa omoshirosou da.
- English: His story sounds interesting.
この靴は履きやすそうだ。
- Romaji: Kono kutsu wa haki-yasusou da.
- English: These shoes look easy to wear.
あの犬はおとなしくて優しそうだね。
- Romaji: Ano inu wa otonashikute yasashisou da ne.
- English: That dog looks calm and gentle.
このカバンは丈夫そうだ。
- Romaji: Kono kaban wa joubusou da.
- English: This bag looks durable.
彼女の料理は美味しそうだ。
- Romaji: Kanojo no ryōri wa oishisou da.
- English: Her cooking looks delicious.
あの道は滑りそうだから気をつけて！

Romaji: Ano michi wa suberisou dakara ki o tsukete!
English: That road looks slippery, so be careful!

Things to Keep in Mind About 〜そうだ (Appearance) Form

When using 〜そうだ (Appearance) Form, there are a few important points to remember:

1. Used for Visual Appearance or Impression

This form is used when something looks a certain way based on visual observation or impression.
Example:
- このケーキは甘そうだ。 (Kono kēki wa amasou da.) → This cake looks sweet. (Judging by appearance, not by tasting it.)

2. Not for First-Hand Experience

It should not be used when you have direct experience with something (e.g., you actually ate the cake).
Incorrect: このケーキを食べたけど甘そうだ。(Kono kēki o tabeta kedo amasou da.) ❌
Correct: このケーキは甘い。(Kono kēki wa amai.) ✅ → This cake is sweet.

3. Different from 〜そうだ (Hearsay)

〜そうだ (Appearance) is different from 〜そうだ (Hearsay), which is used to report something you heard from someone else.
Example (Appearance):
- 彼は元気そうだ。 (Kare wa genkisou da.) → He looks energetic.
Example (Hearsay):
- 彼は元気だそうだ。 (Kare wa genki da sou da.) → I heard that he is energetic.

4. Adjective Conjugation Rules

For い-adjectives: Remove い and add そうだ.
- Example: おいしい → おいしそうだ (oishii → oishisou da) → Looks delicious
For な-adjectives: Just add そうだ.
- Example: 元気（げんき）→ 元気そうだ (genki → genkisou da) → Looks healthy

5. Special Case: Negative Form

To say “doesn’t look ~,” change ない to なさそうだ.
- Example:
  - 美味しくない (oishikunai) → 美味しくなさそうだ (oishikunasa sou da) → Doesn’t look delicious.
  - 元気じゃない (genki janai) → 元気じゃなさそうだ (genki janasa sou da) → Doesn’t look healthy.

6. Verb Usage: Potential & Immediate Action

For potential actions: Use the stem of the potential form of the verb + そうだ.
- Example: この橋は渡れそうだ。(Kono hashi wa watare-sou da.) → This bridge looks crossable.
For immediate actions: Use the stem of the dictionary form + そうだ.
- Example: 雨が降りそうだ。(Ame ga furi-sou da.) → It looks like it’s going to rain soon.

7. Special Irregular Adjectives

いい (good) → よさそうだ (yosasou da) → Looks good.
ない (not existing) → なさそうだ (nasasou da) → Doesn’t seem to exist.

Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct 〜そうだ form of the given words.

Questions:

このスープは _______ (熱い) ですね！気をつけて！
彼は昨日から寝ていないみたいで、とても _______ (疲れる)。
あの子はとても _______ (賢い) ね！
この橋は古くて _______ (壊れる)。
あの店のラーメンは _______ (美味しい)。
今日は空が暗くて、雨が _______ (降る)。
このかばんはとても _______ (丈夫) ですね。
彼女の話は _______ (面白い)。
この靴は _______ (歩きやすい)。
この椅子は _______ (座りにくい) から、別のを使おう。

Answers:

熱そうだ (atsusou da)
疲れていそうだ (tsukareteisou da)
賢そうだ (kashikoso da)
壊れそうだ (kowaresou da)
美味しそうだ (oishisou da)
降りそうだ (furisou da)
丈夫そうだ (joubusou da)
面白そうだ (omoshirosou da)
歩きやすそうだ (arukiyasusou da)
座りにくそうだ (suwarinikusou da)

Conclusion

Mastering 〜そうだ (Appearance) Form is a great way to express observations and predictions based on how things look. Whether describing someone’s emotions, the taste of food, or a future event, this grammar pattern helps make your Japanese sound more natural and fluent.

By understanding its conjugation rules, differences from hearsay 〜そうだ, and special cases, you can use it confidently in daily conversations. Keep practicing with real-life examples, and soon, you’ll be able to describe appearances effortlessly in Japanese!

If you found this guide helpful, feel free to explore more Japanese grammar lessons and keep improving your language skills.

Happy learning! 😊

JAPANESE

Japanese Verb Conjugation: Dictionary, ます, and Negative Forms

Mastering the Japanese Te-Form: A Comprehensive Guide

Mastering the Japanese たい Form: A Comprehensive Guide

Mastering the Expressions of Ability in Japanese

Understanding Japanese Verb Groups: A Beginner’s Guide

〜そうだ (Hearsay): Expressing Reported Speech in Japanese

〜そうだ (Appearance): Expressing ‘Looks Like’ in Japanese

〜そうだ (Hearsay) vs 〜そうだ (Appearance): Understanding the Difference

February 14, 2025

Using 〜そうだ (Hearsay) | My Language Classes

〜そうだ (Hearsay): Expressing Reported Speech in Japanese

In Japanese, the grammar structure 〜そうだ (sou da) is used to express reported speech or hearsay. This form is used when conveying information that was heard from another source, similar to “I heard that…” or “It is said that…” in English. It differs from the 〜そうだ used for expressing appearance (e.g., “It looks like…”).

Understanding how to use 〜そうだ correctly is crucial for effective communication in Japanese, as it helps relay secondhand information accurately. In this blog, we will explore the formation, usage, and differences between 〜そうだ and similar structures like 〜ようだ.

Formation of 〜そうだ (Hearsay)

1. With Verbs

To form 〜そうだ with verbs, use the plain form (dictionary form or past form) of the verb before adding そうだ.

Verb (Plain Form) + そうだ
Verb (Past Form) + そうだ

Example:

来るそうだ (kuru sou da) → “I heard that he/she will come.”
行ったそうだ (itta sou da) → “I heard that he/she went.”

2. With Nouns

For nouns, simply attach だそうだ after the noun.

Noun + だそうだ

Example:

先生だそうだ (sensei da sou da) → “I heard that he/she is a teacher.”

3. With Adjectives

For -i adjectives: Remove い and add そうだ
- 面白い → 面白いそうだ (omoshiroi sou da) → “I heard that it is interesting.”
For -na adjectives: Attach だそうだ after the adjective
- 静か (shizuka) → 静かだそうだ (shizuka da sou da) → “I heard that it is quiet.”

Usage of 〜そうだ (Hearsay) in Different Situations

News and Reports:
- 日本の人口が減っているそうだ。
- Nihon no jinkou ga hetteiru sou da.
- “I heard that Japan’s population is decreasing.”
Casual Conversations:
- 明日、雨が降るそうだ。
- Ashita, ame ga furu sou da.
- “I heard that it will rain tomorrow.”
Quoting Someone Else’s Words:
- 田中さんは先生になるそうだ。
- Tanaka-san wa sensei ni naru sou da.
- “I heard that Tanaka-san will become a teacher.”

Situations Where 〜ようだ is Used

Unlike 〜そうだ (Hearsay), 〜ようだ is used for conjecture or resemblance. Some common cases include:

Guessing based on evidence
- 雨が降ったようだ。(Ame ga futta you da.) → “It seems like it rained.”
Comparisons and similarity
- 彼は日本人のようだ。(Kare wa nihonjin no you da.) → “He seems to be Japanese.”

List of Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives with Their 〜そうだ (Hearsay) Forms

Word Type	Word (JP)	Hearsay Form	Example Sentence (JP)	Romaji	English Meaning
Verb	食べる (taberu)	食べるそうだ (taberu sō da)	先生は寿司を食べるそうだ。	Sensei wa sushi o taberu sō da.	The teacher is said to eat sushi.
			彼は毎日ケーキを食べるそうだ。	Kare wa mainichi kēki o taberu sō da.	He is said to eat cake every day.
Verb	行く (iku)	行くそうだ (iku sō da)	田中さんは東京に行くそうだ。	Tanaka-san wa Tōkyō ni iku sō da.	Tanaka-san is said to be going to Tokyo.
			来週、彼女は海外に行くそうだ。	Raishū, kanojo wa kaigai ni iku sō da.	Next week, she is said to be going abroad.
Verb	勉強する (benkyō suru)	勉強するそうだ (benkyō suru sō da)	彼は毎日日本語を勉強するそうだ。	Kare wa mainichi Nihongo o benkyō suru sō da.	He is said to study Japanese every day.
			兄は大学で医学を勉強するそうだ。	Ani wa daigaku de igaku o benkyō suru sō da.	My older brother is said to be studying medicine at university.
Verb	来る (kuru)	来るそうだ (kuru sō da)	彼は明日来るそうだ。	Kare wa ashita kuru sō da.	He is said to be coming tomorrow.
			友達が駅に来るそうだ。	Tomodachi ga eki ni kuru sō da.	My friend is said to be coming to the station.
Verb	結婚する (kekkon suru)	結婚するそうだ (kekkon suru sō da)	彼女は来月結婚するそうだ。	Kanojo wa raigetsu kekkon suru sō da.	She is said to be getting married next month.
			田中さんは来年結婚するそうだ。	Tanaka-san wa rainen kekkon suru sō da.	Tanaka-san is said to be getting married next year.
Noun	先生 (sensei)	先生だそうだ (sensei da sō da)	彼の父は先生だそうだ。	Kare no chichi wa sensei da sō da.	His father is said to be a teacher.
			山田さんは数学の先生だそうだ。	Yamada-san wa sūgaku no sensei da sō da.	Yamada-san is said to be a math teacher.
Noun	有名人 (yūmeijin)	有名人だそうだ (yūmeijin da sō da)	彼は有名人だそうだ。	Kare wa yūmeijin da sō da.	He is said to be a celebrity.
			彼女は有名な歌手だそうだ。	Kanojo wa yūmei na kashu da sō da.	She is said to be a famous singer.
Noun	医者 (isha)	医者だそうだ (isha da sō da)	彼の兄は医者だそうだ。	Kare no ani wa isha da sō da.	His older brother is said to be a doctor.
			彼女の父は医者だそうだ。	Kanojo no chichi wa isha da sō da.	Her father is said to be a doctor.
Adjective (i)	高い (takai)	高いそうだ (takai sō da)	このホテルは高いそうだ。	Kono hoteru wa takai sō da.	This hotel is said to be expensive.
			あの車はとても高いそうだ。	Ano kuruma wa totemo takai sō da.	That car is said to be very expensive.
Adjective (i)	寒い (samui)	寒いそうだ (samui sō da)	明日は寒いそうだ。	Ashita wa samui sō da.	It is said to be cold tomorrow.
			北海道の冬は寒いそうだ。	Hokkaidō no fuyu wa samui sō da.	The winter in Hokkaido is said to be cold.
Adjective (na)	便利 (benri)	便利だそうだ (benri da sō da)	このアプリは便利だそうだ。	Kono apuri wa benri da sō da.	This app is said to be convenient.
			東京の電車は便利だそうだ。	Tōkyō no densha wa benri da sō da.	Tokyo’s trains are said to be convenient.
Adjective (na)	有名 (yūmei)	有名だそうだ (yūmei da sō da)	彼の店は有名だそうだ。	Kare no mise wa yūmei da sō da.	His shop is said to be famous.
			彼女の家は有名だそうだ。	Kanojo no ie wa yūmei da sō da.	Her house is said to be famous.

More Example Sentences

彼は明日の会議に参加しないそうだ。
Romaji: Kare wa ashita no kaigi ni sanka shinai sō da.
English: He is said not to participate in tomorrow’s meeting.

彼は新しい仕事を始めるそうだ。
Romaji: Kare wa atarashii shigoto o hajimeru sō da.
English: He is said to be starting a new job.

この映画はとても面白いそうだ。
Romaji: Kono eiga wa totemo omoshiroi sō da.
English: This movie is said to be very interesting.

彼女の弟は医者になるそうだ。
Romaji: Kanojo no otōto wa isha ni naru sō da.
English: Her younger brother is said to become a doctor.

先生は今週忙しいそうだ。
Romaji: Sensei wa konshū isogashii sō da.
English: The teacher is said to be busy this week.

この店のラーメンは美味しいそうだ。
Romaji: Kono mise no rāmen wa oishii sō da.
English: The ramen from this shop is said to be delicious.

あのホテルはサービスが良いそうだ。
Romaji: Ano hoteru wa sābisu ga yoi sō da.
English: That hotel is said to have good service.

彼は来年アメリカに引っ越すそうだ。
Romaji: Kare wa rainen Amerika ni hikkosu sō da.
English: He is said to be moving to America next year.

この会社は給料が高いそうだ。
Romaji: Kono kaisha wa kyūryō ga takai sō da.
English: This company is said to have high salaries.

日本の夏はとても暑いそうだ。
Romaji: Nihon no natsu wa totemo atsui sō da.
English: The summer in Japan is said to be very hot.

Things to Keep in Mind

〜そうだ is only used when you hear information from someone else, not for personal assumptions.

〜そうだ (Hearsay) should not be confused with 〜そうだ (Appearance).

Fill in the Blanks Questions

田中さんは来月日本に＿＿＿＿そうだ。
彼の兄は医者＿＿＿＿そうだ。
この本はとても面白い＿＿＿＿そうだ。
先生は毎日運動を＿＿＿＿そうだ。
このレストランの料理は美味しい＿＿＿＿そうだ。
彼は新しい車を＿＿＿＿そうだ。
明日は天気が悪い＿＿＿＿そうだ。
彼女は来年結婚＿＿＿＿そうだ。
この映画は子供に人気＿＿＿＿そうだ。
友達は今日学校に来ない＿＿＿＿そうだ。

Answers

1.そう (sō)

2.行く (iku)

3.だ (da)

4.そう (sō)

5.する (suru)

6.そう (sō)

7.買う (kau)

8.そう (sō)

9.する (suru)

10.だ (da)

Conclusion

Understanding 〜そうだ (Hearsay) is essential for conveying reported information in Japanese. By practicing its correct usage with verbs, adjectives, and nouns, learners can improve their fluency and comprehension. Keep practicing, and soon this grammar pattern will become second nature!

Happy learning! 😊

JAPANESE

Japanese Verb Conjugation: Dictionary, ます, and Negative Forms

Mastering the Japanese Te-Form: A Comprehensive Guide

Mastering the Japanese たい Form: A Comprehensive Guide

Mastering the Expressions of Ability in Japanese

Understanding Japanese Verb Groups: A Beginner’s Guide

〜そうだ (Hearsay): Expressing Reported Speech in Japanese

〜そうだ (Appearance): Expressing ‘Looks Like’ in Japanese

〜そうだ (Hearsay) vs 〜そうだ (Appearance): Understanding the Difference

February 13, 2025

Understanding 〜ようだ in Japanese | My Language Classes

Understanding 〜ようだ in Japanese

The Japanese expression 〜ようだ (you da) is used to indicate resemblance, assumption, or conjecture based on observable evidence. It often translates to “seems like,” “appears to be,” or “looks like” in English. This form is frequently used in both spoken and written Japanese to express an impression based on visual or contextual clues rather than firsthand knowledge.

Formation of 〜ようだ

1. With Verbs:

Formation:
- Verb (dictionary form) + ようだ
- Verb (ta-form) + ようだ (past tense)

2. With Nouns:

Formation:
- Noun + のようだ

3. With Adjectives:

i-Adjectives:
- Adjective (plain form) + ようだ
na-Adjectives:
- Adjective (stem) + なようだ

Usage of 〜ようだ

Expressing Appearance – Used when something visually appears a certain way.
Expressing Similarity – Used to compare something to another thing.
Expressing Assumption – Used to make an educated guess based on observed facts.
Expressing Uncertainty – Used to indicate something that is not confirmed.

Situations where 〜ようだ is used

When making an assumption based on visual clues.
When describing a person’s behavior resembling something.
When comparing one thing to another.
When describing a feeling or state that is not directly observable.
When indicating a metaphorical expression.

Examples of Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives with 〜ようだ

Word Type	Base Word	〜ようだ Form	Example Sentence	Romaji	Meaning
Verb	食べる (taberu)	食べるようだ	あの子はよく食べるようだ。	Ano ko wa yoku taberu you da.	That child seems to eat a lot.
Verb	雨が降る (ame ga furu)	雨が降るようだ	突然暑くなったから雨が降るようだ。	Totsuzen atsuku natta kara ame ga furu you da.	It suddenly got hot, so it looks like it’s going to rain.
Verb	走る (hashiru)	走るようだ	子供が快速に走るようだ。	Kodomo ga kaisoku ni hashiru you da.	The child seems to be running fast.
Noun	神様 (kami-sama)	神様のようだ	他の行動は神様のようだ。	Kare no koudou wa kami-sama no you da.	His actions are like those of a god.
Adjective	青い (aoi)	青いようだ	水が青いようだ。	Mizu ga aoi you da.	The water seems to be blue.

More Example Sentences

他の思い通りのようだ。
Tano omoi doori no you da. (It seems to be just as he thought.)
子供はおなかがすいたようだ。
Kodomo wa onaka ga suita you da. (The child seems to be hungry.)
家の外は非常に冷たいようだ。
Ie no soto wa hijou ni tsumetai you da. (It seems to be extremely cold outside.)

Things to Keep in Mind

〜ようだ is different from 〜そうだ, which is used for hearsay or direct appearance.
It cannot be used for one’s own direct experiences.
〜ようだ can be formal or casual depending on context.

Fill in the Blanks

大きな壁が倒れる\u_____
その人はエンジニア\uの\u_____
雨が降りそう\u_____
私の猫は子猫の\u_____
その子は疲れている\u_____
その風は強い\u_____
かれの勝利は確実の_____

Answers

ようだ
ようだ
ようだ
ようだ
ようだ
ようだ
ようだ

Conclusion

〜ようだ is a crucial structure in Japanese that allows speakers to express assumptions, resemblance, and indirect knowledge. Mastering this form helps in making more natural and nuanced statements in Japanese conversations and writing.

Happy learning! 😊

JAPANESE

Japanese Verb Conjugation: Dictionary, ます, and Negative Forms

Mastering the Japanese Te-Form: A Comprehensive Guide

Mastering the Japanese たい Form: A Comprehensive Guide

Mastering the Expressions of Ability in Japanese

Understanding Japanese Verb Groups: A Beginner’s Guide

〜そうだ (Hearsay): Expressing Reported Speech in Japanese

〜そうだ (Appearance): Expressing ‘Looks Like’ in Japanese

〜そうだ (Hearsay) vs 〜そうだ (Appearance): Understanding the Difference

February 12, 2025

Everything You Need to Know About PARA in Spanish

When learning Spanish, one of the trickiest aspects is understanding the difference between “por” and “para.” While both can translate to “for” in English, they serve different purposes in Spanish. This article will focus on “para”—its uses, common expressions, and grammatical rules.

Uses of PARA in Spanish

“Para” is generally used to indicate purpose, destination, deadlines, recipients, and opinions. Below is a detailed explanation of its main uses:

Usage	Explanation	Example Sentence
Purpose (In order to)	Used to indicate the reason for doing something. Often translates to “in order to” in English.	Estudio español para hablar con fluidez. (I study Spanish in order to speak fluently.)
Recipient (For someone)	Used when something is intended for a person or entity.	Este regalo es para ti. (This gift is for you.)
Destination (Towards a place)	Indicates movement towards a destination.	Salimos para Madrid mañana. (We are leaving for Madrid tomorrow.)
Deadline (By, For a time limit)	Used to indicate a deadline for an action.	La tarea es para mañana. (The homework is for tomorrow.)
Employment (To work for someone)	Indicates employment or who you work for.	Trabajo para una empresa grande. (I work for a big company.)
Comparison (Considering that)	Used when making a comparison or contrast.	Para un niño de 5 años, él es muy alto. (For a five-year-old, he is very tall.)
Opinion (According to someone)	Used to express personal opinions.	Para mí, este restaurante es el mejor. (For me, this restaurant is the best.)
Use (For a specific use)	Used when indicating the purpose of an object.	Necesito un cepillo para el pelo. (I need a brush for my hair.)

Common Expressions with PARA

Below is a list of commonly used phrases and idioms with para in daily Spanish:

Expression	Meaning	Example Sentence
Estar para + infinitive	To be about to do something	Estoy para salir. (I am about to leave.)
Para siempre	Forever	Te amaré para siempre. (I will love you forever.)
Para nada	Not at all	No me gusta el café para nada. (I don’t like coffee at all.)
Para variar	Just for a change	Hoy vamos a la playa para variar. (Today we are going to the beach just for a change.)
No es para tanto	It’s not a big deal	No llores, no es para tanto. (Don’t cry, it’s not a big deal.)
Para colmo	To top it all off	Perdimos el tren y, para colmo, empezó a llover. (We missed the train, and to top it all off, it started raining.)
Para que (+ subjunctive)	So that	Estudia mucho para que pases el examen. (Study hard so that you pass the exam.)
Ser tal para cual	To be two of a kind	Juan y Ana son tal para cual. (Juan and Ana are two of a kind.)

Important Grammar Rules When Using PARA

1. Articles with PARA

When using para before a noun, it may require a definite or indefinite article (el, la, los, las, un, una, unos, unas).
Example: Este libro es para el profesor. (This book is for the teacher.)

2. Singular vs. Plural Forms

“Para” itself does not change with gender or number, but the words following it do.
Example: Las flores son para las madres. (The flowers are for the mothers.)

3. Using PARA with Pronouns

Personal pronouns with “para”: para mí, para ti, para él/ella, para nosotros, para ellos.
Example: Este mensaje es para ti. (This message is for you.)

4. PARA vs. POR

Since “por” and “para” both mean “for” in English, beginners often confuse them. Here’s a simple trick:

Use PARA when there’s a destination or purpose. (Voy para Madrid.)
Use POR when there’s a cause or reason. (Voy por el trabajo.)

Things to Keep in Mind When Using PARA

If you are expressing a purpose (“in order to”), always use the infinitive verb form after “para.”
✅ Vine para aprender español. (I came to learn Spanish.)
❌ Vine para aprendo español. (Incorrect)
“Para” is not used when talking about duration—use “por” instead.
✅ Estudié por dos horas. (I studied for two hours.)
❌ Estudié para dos horas. (Incorrect)
In spoken Spanish, native speakers often use “para” with shortened forms like “pa’” in informal speech.
Example: Voy pa’ la casa. (I’m going home.) (Casual speech)

Final Thoughts

Understanding para is crucial for mastering Spanish. By learning its different uses and practicing with common expressions, you’ll improve both comprehension and fluency. Try to use para in your daily conversations, and pay attention to how native speakers use it!

If you enjoyed this lesson, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Don’t forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have.

Happy learning! 😊

February 2, 2025

Understanding 〜がする in Japanese | My Language Classes

Understanding the Usage of 〜がする in Japanese

The expression 〜がする is a common grammatical structure in Japanese used to describe perceptions and sensations related to the five senses, as well as intuitive feelings. It is often translated as “to smell,” “to taste,” “to feel,” or “to sound like.” This phrase allows the speaker to express their sensory or emotional experience in a natural way.

Basic Structure of 〜がする

The pattern generally follows this structure:

[Noun] + がする

Here, [Noun] represents something perceived through the senses (such as smell, taste, sound, or feeling). The verb する indicates that the sensation exists.

Situations Where 〜がする is Used

Below are the different contexts where 〜がする is commonly used:

1. Smell (Odor-related Perception)

Used when describing a smell that one perceives.

変なにおいがする。 (Henna nioi ga suru.) – “There is a strange smell.”
花の香りがする。 (Hana no kaori ga suru.) – “I smell the fragrance of flowers.”
ガスのにおいがする。 (Gasu no nioi ga suru.) – “It smells like gas.”

2. Taste (Flavor-related Perception)

Used when describing the taste of something.

変な味がする。 (Henna aji ga suru.) – “It has a strange taste.”
この水は鉄の味がする。 (Kono mizu wa tetsu no aji ga suru.) – “This water tastes like iron.”
甘い味がする。 (Amai aji ga suru.) – “It tastes sweet.”

3. Sound (Auditory Perception)

Used when describing a sound that one hears.

ドアの開く音がする。 (Doa no hiraku oto ga suru.) – “I hear the sound of a door opening.”
雷の音がする。 (Kaminari no oto ga suru.) – “I hear the sound of thunder.”
人の話し声がする。 (Hito no hanashigoe ga suru.) – “I hear people’s voices.”

4. Feeling (Emotional or Intuitive Perception)

Used when describing a feeling, intuition, or an atmosphere.

嫌な感じがする。 (Iyana kanji ga suru.) – “I have a bad feeling.”
胸騒ぎがする。 (Munasawagi ga suru.) – “I have a premonition (of something bad).”
ワクワクする感じがする。 (Wakuwaku suru kanji ga suru.) – “I have an exciting feeling.”

5. Physical Sensations (Pain or Bodily Feelings)

Used when describing physical sensations or discomfort.

頭が痛い感じがする。 (Atama ga itai kanji ga suru.) – “I feel like I have a headache.”
吐き気がする。 (Hakike ga suru.) – “I feel nauseous.”
寒気がする。 (Samuke ga suru.) – “I feel chills.”

6. Other Abstract Feelings and Situations

It can be used to describe abstract or indirect experiences.

あの人は信用できない気がする。 (Ano hito wa shinyou dekinai ki ga suru.) – “I feel like that person is untrustworthy.”
ここは何か違う感じがする。 (Koko wa nanika chigau kanji ga suru.) – “This place feels different.”

Key Points to Remember

〜がする is used to describe sensory experiences, including smell, taste, sound, and physical or emotional feelings.
It is typically used with nouns related to perception, such as におい (smell), 味 (taste), 音 (sound), 気 (feeling), 感じ (sensation), 痛み (pain), etc.
It can be used for both literal (real sensory perceptions) and abstract (intuition, atmosphere, emotions) experiences.
The phrase makes statements subjective, meaning it expresses the speaker’s personal perception rather than an objective fact.

Conclusion

Understanding 〜がする is essential for expressing sensory perceptions naturally in Japanese. Whether you’re describing a delicious meal, a strange smell, an ominous feeling, or an unexpected noise, this structure is an invaluable tool in communication. Mastering its usage will enhance your ability to express experiences vividly and naturally in Japanese.

By practicing various sentence patterns using 〜がする, learners can deepen their understanding and fluency in Japanese conversation. Try using it in your daily observations to get more comfortable with its application!

Happy learning! 😊

JAPANESE

Japanese Verb Conjugation: Dictionary, ます, and Negative Forms

Mastering the Japanese Te-Form: A Comprehensive Guide

Mastering the Japanese たい Form: A Comprehensive Guide

Mastering the Expressions of Ability in Japanese

Understanding Japanese Verb Groups: A Beginner’s Guide

〜そうだ (Hearsay): Expressing Reported Speech in Japanese

〜そうだ (Appearance): Expressing ‘Looks Like’ in Japanese

〜そうだ (Hearsay) vs 〜そうだ (Appearance): Understanding the Difference

February 2, 2025

Understanding 〜ように in Japanese | My Language Classes

Examples:

みんなが幸せになりますように。
(Minna ga shiawase ni narimasu you ni.)
→ “I hope everyone becomes happy.”
悪いことが起こらないように。
(Warui koto ga okoranai you ni.)
→ “I hope nothing bad happens.”

Summary: Situations Where 「〜ように」 is Used

Usage	Meaning	Example
Expressing Hopes or Wishes	“I hope that…”	試験に合格できますように。
Expressing Goals	“In order to…”	日本語が話せるように勉強しています。
Giving Instructions / Advice	Indirect commands	先生は学生に宿題を忘れないように言いました。
Making Comparisons	“Like…”	彼は先生のように話します。
Indicating Habitual Actions	“To become able to…”	日本語が話せるようになった。
Introducing Statements	“As mentioned…”	前に話したように、このプロジェクトは重要です。
Expressing Wishes in Prayer	Formal wishes	みんなが幸せになりますように。

Conclusion

「〜ように」 is a versatile and essential grammar structure in Japanese. Understanding its different uses can greatly enhance your ability to communicate hopes, goals, indirect commands, comparisons, and habitual changes. By mastering this structure, you will sound more natural and fluent in Japanese!

Would you like me to cover any other grammar points in detail? Let me know in the comments!

Happy learning! 😊

JAPANESE

Japanese Verb Conjugation: Dictionary, ます, and Negative Forms

Mastering the Japanese Te-Form: A Comprehensive Guide

Mastering the Japanese たい Form: A Comprehensive Guide

Mastering the Expressions of Ability in Japanese