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Tag: meaning of no desu in japanese grammar
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Understanding ใใฎใงใin Japanese
Understanding ใใฎใงใ in Japanese
The ใใฎใงใ (or its casual form ใใใงใ) is a grammatical structure in Japanese used to give explanations, seek clarifications, or express emotions. It adds a sense of reasoning to a statement and is often used in both spoken and written Japanese.
Formation of ใใฎใงใ
1. Formation with Verbs
- Affirmative (Present/Future):
- Dictionary form + ใฎใงใ / ใใงใ
- Example: ้ฃในใใฎใงใ (taberu no desu)
- Negative (Present/Future):
- ใชใ-form + ใฎใงใ / ใใงใ
- Example: ้ฃในใชใใฎใงใ (tabenai no desu)
- Past Affirmative:
- ใ-form + ใฎใงใ / ใใงใ
- Example: ้ฃในใใฎใงใ (tabeta no desu)
- Past Negative:
- ใชใใฃใ-form + ใฎใงใ / ใใงใ
- Example: ้ฃในใชใใฃใใฎใงใ (tabenakatta no desu)
2. Formation with Nouns
- Affirmative:
- Noun + ใชใฎใงใ / ใชใใงใ (casual)
- Example: ๅญฆ็ใชใฎใงใ (gakusei nano desu)
- Negative:
- Noun + ใงใฏใชใใฎใงใ / ใใใชใใใงใ (casual)
- Example: ๅญฆ็ใงใฏใชใใฎใงใ (gakusei dewa nai no desu)
3. Formation with Adjectives
- i-Adjectives:
- ใใฎใพใพ + ใฎใงใ / ใใงใ
- Example: ใใใใใฎใงใ (ureshii no desu)
- Negative: ใใใใใชใใฎใงใ (ureshikunai no desu)
- na-Adjectives:
- ใช + ใฎใงใ / ใใงใ
- Example: ้ใใชใฎใงใ (shizuka nano desu)
- Negative: ้ใใงใฏใชใใฎใงใ (shizuka dewa nai no desu)
Usage of ใใฎใงใ
The ใใฎใงใ form is used in various situations. Below are the key contexts in which it is used:
1. Providing an Explanation
This form is often used to explain reasons behind actions or situations.
- Example: ใฉใใใฆ้ ใใใฎใงใใ๏ผ (Why were you late?)
- Example: ้จใ้ใฃใฆใใใฎใงใใ(It was raining.)
2. Seeking Clarification or Confirmation
When you are trying to confirm or seek clarification about something.
- Example: ใใฎๆฌใฏใใชใใฎใใฎใชใฎใงใใ๏ผ (Is that book yours?)
3. Expressing a Justification
To justify an action or event.
- Example: ๅฎฟ้กใๅคใใฃใใฎใงใใ(I had a lot of homework.)
4. Making a Statement More Emphatic
Using ใฎใงใ makes the statement more formal or assertive.
- Example: ็งใ่กใใฎใงใใ(I will go.)
5. Stating a Fact with Emphasis
- Example: ใใใฏใจใฆใๅคงๅใชใฎใงใใ(This is very important.)
Other Usage of ใใฎใงใ
Situations where ใใฎใงใ is used
- Giving explanations or reasons
- Asking for explanations or clarifications
- Expressing emotions such as surprise or concern
- Emphasizing a statement
- Giving background information
- Making an indirect request
- Softening a statement
- Seeking confirmation
- Expressing curiosity
- Describing an unusual situation
List of Verbs with their ใใฎใงใ Form
Verb (Dictionary Form) ใใฎใงใ Form Example Sentence 1 Romaji Meaning Example Sentence 2 Romaji Meaning ้ฃในใ (taberu) ้ฃในใใฎใงใ ใใใฏๆฏๆฅ้ฃในใใฎใงใใ Kore wa mainichi taberu no desu. I eat this every day. ๅฝผใฏ้ญใ้ฃในใใฎใงใใ๏ผ Kare wa sakana o taberu no desu ka? Does he eat fish? ่กใ (iku) ่กใใฎใงใ ๅญฆๆ กใธ่กใใฎใงใใ Gakkou e iku no desu. I am going to school. ใฉใใธ่กใใฎใงใใ๏ผ Doko e iku no desu ka? Where are you going? ๆฅใ (kuru) ๆฅใใฎใงใ ๆๆฅใๅฝผใๆฅใใฎใงใใ Ashita, kare ga kuru no desu. He is coming tomorrow. ใฉใใใฆๆฅใใฎใงใใ๏ผ Doushite kuru no desu ka? Why is he coming? ่ฆใ (miru) ่ฆใใฎใงใ ๅฝผใฏใใฌใใ่ฆใใฎใงใใ Kare wa terebi o miru no desu. He watches TV. ไฝใ่ฆใฆใใใฎใงใใ๏ผ Nani o mite iru no desu ka? What are you watching? ๆธใ (kaku) ๆธใใฎใงใ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆฅ่จใๆธใใฎใงใใ Kanojo wa nikki o kaku no desu. She writes a diary. ไฝใๆธใใฆใใใฎใงใใ๏ผ Nani o kaite iru no desu ka? What are you writing? ่ฉฑใ (hanasu) ่ฉฑใใฎใงใ ๅ ็ใฏๆฅๆฌ่ชใ่ฉฑใใฎใงใใ Sensei wa nihongo o hanasu no desu. The teacher speaks Japanese. ๅฝผใจไฝใ่ฉฑใใฆใใใฎใงใใ๏ผ Kare to nani o hanashite ita no desu ka? What were you talking about with him? ่ฒทใ (kau) ่ฒทใใฎใงใ ็งใฏๆฐใใ่ปใ่ฒทใใฎใงใใ Watashi wa atarashii kuruma o kau no desu. I will buy a new car. ไฝใ่ฒทใฃใใฎใงใใ๏ผ Nani o katta no desu ka? What did you buy? ๆณณใ (oyogu) ๆณณใใฎใงใ ๅฝผใฏๆฏๆๆณณใใฎใงใใ Kare wa maiasa oyogu no desu. He swims every morning. ใฉใใงๆณณใใฎใงใใ๏ผ Doko de oyogu no desu ka? Where do you swim? ๅๅผทใใ (benkyou suru) ๅๅผทใใใฎใงใ ็งใฏๆฏๆฅๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใใฎใงใใ Watashi wa mainichi nihongo o benkyou suru no desu. I study Japanese every day. ไฝใๅๅผทใใฆใใใฎใงใใ๏ผ Nani o benkyou shite iru no desu ka? What are you studying? ๅใ (hataraku) ๅใใฎใงใ ๅฝผใฏ้่กใงๅใใฎใงใใ Kare wa ginkou de hataraku no desu. He works at a bank. ใฉใใงๅใใฆใใใฎใงใใ๏ผ Doko de hataraite iru no desu ka? Where do you work? ่ตฐใ (hashiru) ่ตฐใใฎใงใ ๅฝผใฏๆฏๆๅ ฌๅใง่ตฐใใฎใงใใ Kare wa maiasa kouen de hashiru no desu. He runs in the park every morning. ใฉใฎใใใ่ตฐใใฎใงใใ๏ผ Dono kurai hashiru no desu ka? How far do you run? ๆญใ (utau) ๆญใใฎใงใ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใจใฆใไธๆใซๆญใใฎใงใใ Kanojo wa totemo jouzu ni utau no desu. She sings very well. ใฉใใชๆญใๆญใใฎใงใใ๏ผ Donna uta o utau no desu ka? What kind of songs do you sing? ่ฆใใ (oboeru) ่ฆใใใฎใงใ ็งใฏๆฐใใๅ่ชใ่ฆใใใฎใงใใ Watashi wa atarashii tango o oboeru no desu. I memorize new words. ใฉใใใฃใฆ่ฆใใใฎใงใใ๏ผ Dou yatte oboeru no desu ka? How do you memorize them? ้ใถ (asobu) ้ใถใฎใงใ ๅญไพใใกใฏๅ ฌๅใง้ใถใฎใงใใ Kodomotachi wa kouen de asobu no desu. The children play in the park. ใฉใใง้ใถใฎใงใใ๏ผ Doko de asobu no desu ka? Where do they play?
More Example Sentences
- ๆๆฅใฏใในใใใใใฎใงใใ
Ashita wa tesuto ga aru no desu.
(There is a test tomorrow.) - ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็
ๆฐใชใฎใงใใ
Kanojo wa byouki na no desu.
(She is sick.) - ใใฎๆฌใฏๅคงๅใชใฎใงใใ
Kono hon wa taisetsu na no desu.
(This book is important.)
4. ๅฝผใฏๆจๆฅๅญฆๆ กใไผใใ ใฎใงใใ
Kare wa kinล gakkล o yasunda no desu.
(He was absent from school yesterday.)5. ใฉใใใฆใใใชใซ็ฒใใฆใใใฎใงใใ๏ผ
Dลshite sonna ni tsukarete iru no desu ka?
(Why are you so tired?)6.ใใฎๆ่จใฏ็ฅ็ถใใใใใฃใใฎใงใใ
Kono tokei wa sofu kara moratta no desu.
(I received this watch from my grandfather.)7. ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆฅๆฌใซ่กใใฎใงใใ
Kanojo wa Nihon ni iku no desu.
(She is going to Japan.)8. ้ป่ปใ้ ใใใฎใงใใ
Densha ga okureta no desu.
(The train was delayed.)9.ใใฎๆ ็ปใฏใจใฆใๆๅ็ใ ใฃใใฎใงใใ
Sono eiga wa totemo kandล-teki datta no desu.
(That movie was very emotional.)10.้จใ้ใฃใฆใใใฎใงใใ
Ame ga futte ita no desu.
(It was raining.)
Things to Keep in Mind
- ใฎใงใ is often shortened to ใใงใ in spoken language.
- It is more polite and formal than a direct statement.
- Used in interrogative sentences to seek more information.
- Often used in written explanations and discussions.
Fill in the Blanks
- ใชใๅญฆๆ กใไผใใ ____๏ผ
- ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆฅใชใ____ใ
- ็งใฏๅ ็ใซ่ณชๅใใ____ใ
- ใฉใใใฆๆณฃใใฆใใ____ใ๏ผ
- ๅฝผใฏไฝใ่จใใชใใฃใ____ใ
- ใใชใใๆใฃใฆใใใฎใฏ็ฅใฃใฆใใ____ใ
- ๆจๆฅใๅธฐใใ้ ใใชใฃใ____ใ
- ใใฎๆฌใ่ชญใใ ใใจใใใ____ใ๏ผ
- ไปๆฅใฏๆฉใๅฏใใปใใใใ____ใใ
- ๅฝผใใใใชใใจใใใใฏใใใชใ____ใ
Conclusion
The ใใฎใงใ form is an essential grammar structure that allows Japanese speakers to explain reasons, seek clarifications, and emphasize statements naturally. Mastering its usage will significantly improve your fluency in Japanese communication. Practice using ใฎใงใ in different situations, and youโll soon find yourself speaking more like a native!
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- Affirmative (Present/Future):