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Use of Infinitive After Prepositions in Spanish
In Spanish, when a verb follows a preposition, it must always be in its infinitive form. Unlike English, where the gerund (-ing form) is often used after prepositions, Spanish strictly requires the infinitive. Understanding this grammatical rule is essential for forming correct sentences and sounding natural in Spanish.
This blog post will cover the different situations in which the infinitive is used after prepositions, common expressions with their meanings and examples, and essential points to keep in mind while using them.
Situations Where the Infinitive is Used After Prepositions
- Purpose or Goal (para + infinitive)
- Used to indicate the purpose or objective of an action.
- Example: Estudio para aprender. (I study to learn.)
- Means or Manner (con + infinitive)
- Expresses the way in which something is done.
- Example: Mejorarás con practicar. (You will improve by practicing.)
- Cause or Reason (por + infinitive)
- Indicates the reason for an action.
- Example: Me castigaron por llegar tarde. (They punished me for arriving late.)
- Condition (de + infinitive)
- Expresses conditions in certain phrases.
- Example: De saberlo, te lo habría dicho. (Had I known, I would have told you.)
- After Prepositions of Time (antes de/después de + infinitive)
- Used when referring to actions occurring before or after another action.
- Example: Voy a ducharme después de correr. (I am going to shower after running.)
- Prepositions Indicating a Point of Reference (sin, hasta, en, etc.)
- Used in fixed expressions and idiomatic phrases.
- Example: No puedes salir sin avisar. (You can’t leave without letting us know.)
Common Expressions with Infinitives After Prepositions
Expression Meaning Example 1 Example 2 Para estudiar To study Voy a la biblioteca para estudiar. Uso aplicaciones para estudiar español. Por llegar tarde For arriving late Me regañaron por llegar tarde. Perdí el tren por salir tarde. Con practicar By practicing Mejoras con practicar cada día. Con practicar, hablas mejor. Antes de dormir Before sleeping Leo antes de dormir. Me lavo la cara antes de dormir. Después de comer After eating Me cepillo los dientes después de comer. Llamó después de almorzar. Sin avisar Without warning No puedes irte sin avisar. Entró sin avisar. Hasta terminar Until finishing No salgo hasta terminar la tarea. No puedo descansar hasta terminar. De saberlo Had I known De saberlo, no lo habría hecho. De saberlo antes, te habría avisado. En aprender In learning Invierto tiempo en aprender español. Me esfuerzo en aprender bien. A pesar de fallar Despite failing Sigo intentándolo a pesar de fallar. Aprobó a pesar de fallar el primer intento.
More Example Sentences
- Fui al mercado para comprar frutas.
- No puedes entrar sin pagar la entrada.
- Me llamó después de haber terminado el trabajo.
- Logró su meta con dedicarse al estudio.
- Antes de salir, revisa tu mochila.
- Me fui temprano por evitar el tráfico.
- No puedes dormir sin apagar la luz.
- No podré jugar hasta mejorar mi salud.
- De haber sabido la verdad, habría reaccionado diferente.
- A pesar de tener miedo, enfrentó la situación.
Fill in the Blanks
- Voy al gimnasio ________ estar en forma. (para)
- Me castigaron ________ decir una mentira. (por)
- No puedes viajar ________ tu pasaporte. (sin)
- Voy a descansar ________ trabajar todo el día. (después de)
- No saldré ________ terminar el proyecto. (hasta)
- Aprendí español ________ estudiar mucho. (con)
- De ________ que vendrías, habría preparado algo especial. (saber)
- Siempre leo un libro ________ dormir. (antes de)
- Se esforzó mucho ________ ganar el premio. (para)
- Consiguió su objetivo ________ muchos intentos fallidos. (a pesar de)
Answers
- para
- por
- sin
- después de
- hasta
- con
- saber
- antes de
- para
- a pesar de
Things to Keep in Mind
- The verb after the preposition always remains in its infinitive form.
- Prepositions like para, por, sin, antes de, and después de commonly appear before infinitives.
- In cases where an article (el, la, los, las) is used, ensure agreement in gender and number.
- Some phrases change meaning slightly depending on the preposition used (e.g., por estudiar vs. para estudiar).
Conclusion
Using the infinitive after prepositions is a fundamental rule in Spanish. Unlike English, which often uses gerunds, Spanish requires the verb to stay in its base form. Mastering this concept will improve fluency and accuracy in constructing sentences. Practice with the expressions provided, and soon, this rule will become second nature in your Spanish conversations!
If you enjoyed this lesson, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Don’t forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have.
Happy learning! 😊
- Purpose or Goal (para + infinitive)
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Coordinating Conjunctions in Spanish: y, o, pero, sino, and Others
Coordinating conjunctions (conjunciones coordinantes) in Spanish are essential for connecting words, phrases, and clauses that are grammatically equal. They help create fluid and coherent speech and writing. This article will explain the main coordinating conjunctions in Spanish, their uses, and common expressions that feature them in everyday conversation.
Types of Coordinating Conjunctions
Spanish coordinating conjunctions are categorized into four main types:
- Copulative Conjunctions (Conjunciones Copulativas) – Used to add information.
- Disjunctive Conjunctions (Conjunciones Disyuntivas) – Used to offer alternatives.
- Adversative Conjunctions (Conjunciones Adversativas) – Used to express contrast.
- Distributive Conjunctions (Conjunciones Distributivas) – Used to indicate alternation or distribution.
List of Common Coordinating Conjunctions with Examples
Conjunction Type Meaning Example Sentences y Copulative and Me gusta el café y el té. (I like coffee and tea.) e Copulative and (used before words starting with ‘i’ or ‘hi’) Estudia inglés e italiano. (He studies English and Italian.) ni Copulative neither/nor No quiero comer ni beber. (I don’t want to eat or drink.) o Disjunctive or ¿Quieres café o té? (Do you want coffee or tea?) u Disjunctive or (used before words starting with ‘o’ or ‘ho’) Prefieres ocho u once manzanas? (Do you prefer eight or eleven apples?) pero Adversative but Quiero ir, pero no tengo tiempo. (I want to go, but I don’t have time.) sino Adversative but rather No quiero café, sino té. (I don’t want coffee, but rather tea.) mas Adversative but (formal) Tengo dinero, mas no lo gastaré. (I have money, but I will not spend it.) bien… bien… Distributive either… or… Bien estudias, bien trabajas. (Either you study or you work.) ya… ya… Distributive sometimes… sometimes… Ya canta, ya baila. (Sometimes he sings, sometimes he dances.)
Detailed Explanation of Key Coordinating Conjunctions
1. Copulative Conjunctions: y, e, ni
- Used to add elements in a sentence.
- ‘e’ is used instead of ‘y’ when the next word starts with ‘i’ or ‘hi’ to avoid phonetic confusion.
- ‘ni’ is used in negative sentences to mean “neither… nor.”
✅ Examples:
- Compré pan y leche. (I bought bread and milk.)
- Estudia francés e italiano. (He studies French and Italian.)
- No tengo hambre ni sed. (I am neither hungry nor thirsty.)
- No quiero ver televisión ni escuchar música. (I don’t want to watch TV nor listen to music.)
2. Disjunctive Conjunctions: o, u
- Used to offer choices or alternatives.
- ‘u’ replaces ‘o’ when the next word starts with ‘o’ or ‘ho’.
✅ Examples:
- ¿Quieres jugo o agua? (Do you want juice or water?)
- Prefieres ocho u once años. (Do you prefer eight or eleven years?)
- ¿Tomamos el autobús o caminamos? (Shall we take the bus or walk?)
3. Adversative Conjunctions: pero, sino, mas
- Used to contrast ideas.
- ‘Sino’ is used after a negative phrase to mean “but rather.”
- ‘Mas’ is a formal way to say “but” (used in literary contexts).
✅ Examples:
- Me gusta la pizza, pero prefiero la pasta. (I like pizza, but I prefer pasta.)
- No compré el vestido, sino los zapatos. (I didn’t buy the dress, but rather the shoes.)
- Quería ir, mas no tenía coche. (I wanted to go, but I didn’t have a car.)
- No es rojo, sino azul. (It’s not red, but rather blue.)
More Example Sentences:
1.María y Juan fueron al cine anoche. (María and Juan went to the movies last night.) – Copulative (y)
2.Pedro e Isabel son hermanos. (Pedro and Isabel are siblings.) – Copulative (e, used before ‘i’ sound)
3.No me gusta el fútbol ni el baloncesto. (I don’t like soccer nor basketball.) – Copulative (ni)
4.¿Quieres leer un libro o ver una película? (Do you want to read a book or watch a movie?) – Disjunctive (o)
5.Necesitamos siete u ocho sillas para la fiesta. (We need seven or eight chairs for the party.) – Disjunctive (u, used before ‘o’ sound)
6.Estaba cansado, pero siguió trabajando. (He was tired, but he kept working.) – Adversative (pero)
7.No compré la manzana, sino la pera. (I didn’t buy the apple, but rather the pear.) – Adversative (sino, after a negative clause)
8.Quería llamarte, mas no tenía batería en el teléfono. (I wanted to call you, but I had no battery on my phone.) – Adversative (mas, formal use of ‘but’)
9.Bien cocina, bien limpia la casa. (Either he cooks, or he cleans the house.) – Distributive (bien… bien…)
10.Ya duerme, ya mira televisión. (Sometimes she sleeps, sometimes she watches TV.) – Distributive (ya… ya…)
These sentences showcase various coordinating conjunctions in different contexts. Let me know in comment if you need more!
Fill in the Blanks Questions:
- Me gustan los perros __ los gatos. (and)
- No quiero sopa __ ensalada. (but rather)
- ¿Quieres agua __ jugo? (or)
- No tengo hambre __ sed. (nor)
- No solo canta, __ también baila. (but also)
- Puedes comer pollo __ pescado. (or)
- No compré un coche, __ una bicicleta. (but rather)
- Salimos temprano, __ llegamos tarde. (but)
- No es un problema fácil, __ difícil. (but rather)
- __ llueve, __ hace sol. (Sometimes… sometimes…)
Answers
- y
- sino
- o
- ni
- sino
- o
- sino
- pero
- sino
- Ya… ya…
Conclusion
Mastering coordinating conjunctions will help you improve sentence flow, coherence, and clarity in Spanish. Keep practicing these expressions in daily conversations!
If you enjoyed this lesson, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Don’t forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have.
Happy learning! 😊