Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish: Rules, Examples, and Exercises

Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish

Have you ever wanted to say “I just did something” in Spanish? Maybe you wanted to tell a friend, “I just ate,” or explain, “She just arrived.” In English, this is simple. But in Spanish, learners often wonder: “What’s the right phrase? How do native speakers express this idea naturally?”

The answer lies in one powerful construction: Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish. This small phrase opens the door to sounding more fluent and authentic. It’s one of those essential grammar structures that’s easy to learn, quick to use, and incredibly common in everyday conversations.

So, what does Acabar de + Infinitivo really mean? In plain terms, it’s used to express something that has just happened very recently. For example:

• Acabo de comer → “I just ate.”
• Acabamos de llegar → “We just arrived.”

You can see how this structure becomes a shortcut for daily conversations. Spanish speakers across Spain and Latin America use it constantly, making it a must-know tool if you want to speak Spanish confidently.

Learning this structure doesn’t just give you new vocabulary. It helps you capture the timing and freshness of an action, something that is very natural in Spanish communication. Even authoritative sources like the Real Academia Española (RAE) highlight its role in everyday usage, showing how deeply rooted it is in Spanish grammar.

In this guide, you’ll discover:

• A clear explanation of Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish.
• Real-life examples straight from daily life.
• The rules and conjugations you need to master.
• Common mistakes and tips to avoid them.
• Practice exercises with answers to check your progress.

By the end, you won’t just know the rule—you’ll feel confident using it naturally in conversation. Let’s begin this journey into one of Spanish’s simplest yet most powerful grammar tools.

Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish: Explanation and Overview

When learning Spanish, some grammar points feel heavy and complex. But every once in a while, you find a structure that is both easy and powerful. One of these gems is Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish. It helps you express recent actions, a concept we use all the time in daily life.

What Does “Acabar de + Infinitivo” Mean?

At its core, this phrase means:
👉 “to have just done something.”

It signals that an action was completed only moments ago. It could be seconds, minutes, or even an hour ago, but the key idea is recency.

Examples:

• Acabo de hablar con María. → “I just spoke with María.”
• Ellos acaban de salir. → “They just left.”
• Acabamos de empezar la clase. → “We just started the class.”

This structure is incredibly useful because it avoids long explanations. Instead of saying “Hace poco que terminé de comer,” (I finished eating a short while ago), you can simply say “Acabo de comer.” Short, natural, and easy.

Breaking Down the Structure

Let’s look at the three parts:

1. Acabar – This is the verb, meaning “to finish” in its standalone sense.
2. de – A preposition that connects the verb to the action.
3. Infinitivo – The verb in its base form, like comer (to eat), llegar (to arrive), estudiar (to study).

Together:
[Conjugated form of acabar] + de + [infinitive verb]

That’s all it takes!

Why Not Translate Word for Word?

Some learners try to translate literally: “I finish of eating.” That doesn’t make sense in English. Instead, think of this as its own unique Spanish construction, just like how English uses “I just did” without really thinking about the word “just.”

When Is It Used?

• Immediate past: Acabo de levantarme. → “I just got up.”
• Recent updates: Mi hermano acaba de encontrar trabajo. → “My brother just found a job.”
• Quick reactions: ¿Qué pasó? – Acaban de llamarme. → “What happened?” – “They just called me.”

You’ll notice this phrase often pops up in conversations where something just happened and needs to be shared right away.

How Is It Different From the Past Tense?

This is where many learners get confused. Spanish already has past tenses like the preterite (comí → I ate) and the present perfect (he comido → I have eaten). So why use Acabar de + Infinitivo?

Here’s the key:

• Preterite / Present perfect tell you what happened in the past.
• Acabar de + Infinitivo tells you that it happened just now.

For example:

• Comí. → “I ate.” (No time frame given, could be yesterday.)
• He comido. → “I have eaten.” (Still not clear when.)
• Acabo de comer. → “I just ate.” (Clear: very recent action.)

This subtlety makes your Spanish sound more precise and natural.

Common Contexts in Daily Speech

• Sharing news: Mis padres acaban de llegar a casa. → “My parents just got home.”
• Explaining delays: Lo siento, acabo de recibir tu mensaje. → “Sorry, I just got your message.”
• Telling stories: Acabamos de ver una película increíble. → “We just watched an amazing movie.”
• Everyday life: Acabo de ducharme. → “I just took a shower.”

Why Learners Love This Structure

• Simplicity: No complicated conjugations beyond the verb acabar.
• Frequency: Native speakers use it every day, in every region.
• Clarity: It cuts straight to the point without extra words.

In fact, many Spanish teachers and reputable grammar resources like SpanishDict and Collins Dictionary highlight Acabar de + Infinitivo as one of the top must-learn constructions for beginners. But even advanced learners find it powerful because it adds immediacy and natural rhythm to their speech.

Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish: 10 Common Real-Life Examples

Understanding a grammar rule is one thing. Seeing it in action makes all the difference. Let’s explore 10 common real-life examples of Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish, so you can see how native speakers use it daily.

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1. Acabo de comer.

Translation: “I just ate.”
Imagine you arrive at a friend’s house and they offer you food. Instead of giving a long explanation, you can simply say, “Acabo de comer.” It tells them you literally just finished eating.

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2. Acabamos de llegar a casa.

Translation: “We just got home.”
Picture calling your family after a trip. The simplest way to let them know you arrived safely is by using this phrase. It captures the freshness of the action—minutes ago, not hours.

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3. Ella acaba de empezar un nuevo trabajo.

Translation: “She just started a new job.”
This is common when talking about life updates. It’s more precise than saying “empezó un trabajo” (she started a job), because it highlights that it happened very recently.

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4. Acaban de llamarme.

Translation: “They just called me.”
You’ll often hear this when someone reacts to sudden news. Imagine a friend asks, “Why are you rushing?” You might reply, “Acaban de llamarme.”

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5. Acabo de ver una película increíble.

Translation: “I just watched an amazing movie.”
This works perfectly in conversations about entertainment. Maybe you leave the cinema or finish Netflix, and you want to share the excitement. This phrase conveys the immediacy of your experience.

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6. Mis padres acaban de salir.

Translation: “My parents just left.”
This is useful for everyday situations. If someone knocks at the door asking for your parents, you can explain quickly with this sentence.

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7. Acabamos de empezar la clase.

Translation: “We just started the class.”
Teachers and students use this phrase often. For instance, if someone arrives late, the teacher might reassure them by saying this. It softens the stress because it shows the class has only just begun.

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8. Acabo de recibir tu mensaje.

Translation: “I just received your message.”
This phrase is very common in modern life, especially with phones. Instead of saying “Recibí tu mensaje” (I received your message), adding acabo de shows it happened seconds ago.

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9. Los niños acaban de dormirse.

Translation: “The kids just fell asleep.”
Parents often use this sentence at home. It emphasizes that the kids literally just drifted off to sleep, maybe a minute ago. It gives a sense of timing and relief.

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10. Acabamos de conocer a nuestros nuevos vecinos.

Translation: “We just met our new neighbors.”
This is perfect for social contexts. When describing recent events in the neighborhood, this structure makes the story fresh and engaging.

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Why These Examples Matter

Each of these examples shows how Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish goes beyond textbooks. It’s part of real conversations about:

• Daily life: eating, arriving, leaving.
• Communication: messages, calls, conversations.
• Life updates: jobs, neighbors, personal news.
• Reactions: sudden events or quick explanations.

By practicing these sentences, you’ll start to feel the rhythm of the structure. Notice how short and direct they are—no extra words, no confusion. That’s why native speakers love it.

When to Use Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish: All the Key Situations

The phrase Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish is simple to learn, but knowing exactly when to use it makes your speech sound more natural and confident. Many learners confuse it with past tenses like the preterite (comí) or the present perfect (he comido). The key difference is that Acabar de + Infinitivo focuses on the recency of an action—it tells us something happened just a moment ago.

Here are all the main situations where this structure is commonly used.

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1. To Talk About Very Recent Actions

The most frequent use is to describe something that just happened.

• Acabo de desayunar. → “I just had breakfast.”
• Acabamos de terminar la reunión. → “We just finished the meeting.”

This works in daily conversations where timing matters. Instead of saying, “Tuve una reunión” (I had a meeting), you make it clear that it ended moments ago.

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2. To Share Immediate News

When you want to share something fresh, acabar de + infinitivo delivers the urgency.

• Acaban de anunciar los resultados. → “They just announced the results.”
• Mi amiga acaba de casarse. → “My friend just got married.”

It’s especially common in contexts like phone calls, messages, or breaking news updates.

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3. To Explain Why Something Is Happening Now

Sometimes you need to justify your current situation. This phrase works beautifully.

• Perdón por el desorden, acabo de llegar a casa. → “Sorry for the mess, I just got home.”
• Estoy cansado porque acabo de correr. → “I’m tired because I just ran.”

The recent action explains the present result.

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4. To Show Surprise or Reactions

In conversations, Spanish speakers often use it when reacting to sudden events.

• ¿Qué pasó? – Acaban de robar la tienda. → “What happened?” – “They just robbed the store.”
• Acabo de darme cuenta de algo. → “I just realized something.”

It highlights your shock or realization at the moment.

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5. To Indicate Quick Updates in Daily Life

Think about modern life: texts, emails, calls, messages. This structure fits perfectly.

• Acabo de recibir tu correo. → “I just got your email.”
• Acabamos de ver la notificación. → “We just saw the notification.”

It makes your Spanish feel modern and practical, not stiff or outdated.

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6. To Talk About Starting or Stopping Activities

It’s often used to mark transitions in activities.

• Los niños acaban de dormirse. → “The kids just fell asleep.”
• Acabamos de empezar la película. → “We just started the movie.”

This makes conversations flow smoothly when explaining what’s going on in the moment.

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7. To Tell Short Stories with Recent Events

When narrating something that just happened, this phrase keeps your story alive.

• Acabamos de conocer a nuestros nuevos vecinos y parecen muy simpáticos.
  → “We just met our new neighbors and they seem really nice.”
• Acabo de hablar con el jefe y está contento con el proyecto.
  → “I just spoke with the boss and he’s happy with the project.”

Notice how it adds immediacy, pulling the listener right into the timeline.

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8. To Contrast With Past Tenses

Sometimes learners wonder: “Should I say acabo de comer or comí?” Here’s the difference:

• Comí. → “I ate.” (Could be yesterday or earlier today.)
• He comido. → “I have eaten.” (Focuses on completion, not timing.)
• Acabo de comer. → “I just ate.” (Focuses on how recent it was.)

So, use acabar de + infinitivo when the time frame is very close to now.

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9. In Formal and Informal Settings

This structure is universal. You can use it at home, at work, or in school.

• Informal: Acabo de ver un video gracioso. → “I just watched a funny video.”
• Formal: Acabamos de recibir su solicitud. → “We just received your application.”

Because of its flexibility, it’s one of the safest phrases to use no matter the context.

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10. To Express Realization or Sudden Thoughts

Sometimes it’s less about physical actions and more about mental awareness.

• Acabo de recordar la respuesta. → “I just remembered the answer.”
• Acabo de darme cuenta de que olvidé las llaves. → “I just realized I forgot the keys.”

This shows how powerful the phrase is beyond physical actions.

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Why Mastering These Situations Helps You

By knowing all these contexts, you gain:

• Confidence – You won’t second-guess which tense to use.
• Fluency – You’ll sound natural, like a native speaker.
• Clarity – You’ll communicate the recency of actions without extra words.

Think of Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish as your go-to tool whenever something just happened. It’s fast, clear, and always correct in the right context.

Conjugation Rules of Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish

The beauty of Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish is its simplicity. Once you know how to conjugate the verb acabar, you can apply it to almost any action. The structure never changes:

👉 [Conjugated form of acabar] + de + [infinitive verb]

The challenge for learners isn’t memorizing the structure—it’s knowing how the different tenses of acabar affect the meaning. Let’s break it down with tables and examples.

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1. Present Tense: Actions That Just Happened Now

This is the most common way learners use the structure.

Subject	Conjugation of Acabar	Example	Translation
Yo	acabo de	Acabo de comer.	I just ate.
Tú	acabas de	Acabas de llegar.	You just arrived.
Él / Ella / Usted	acaba de	Ella acaba de empezar la clase.	She just started the class.
Nosotros/as	acabamos de	Acabamos de salir.	We just left.
Vosotros/as	acabáis de	Acabáis de escuchar la noticia.	You (all) just heard the news.
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes	acaban de	Acaban de terminar el proyecto.	They just finished the project.

💡 Key point: Present tense of acabar always expresses “just did something right now.”

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2. Preterite Tense: Actions That Had Just Happened

When acabar is used in the preterite, it refers to actions that had just happened at a specific moment in the past.

Subject	Conjugation of Acabar	Example	Translation
Yo	acabé de	Acabé de hablar con él cuando sonó el timbre.	I had just spoken with him when the bell rang.
Tú	acabaste de	Acabaste de llegar cuando empezó a llover.	You had just arrived when it started raining.
Él / Ella / Usted	acabó de	Acabó de salir cuando lo llamaron.	He had just left when they called him.
Nosotros/as	acabamos de	Acabamos de cenar cuando llegaron los invitados.	We had just eaten when the guests arrived.
Vosotros/as	acabasteis de	Acabasteis de estudiar cuando empezó el examen.	You had just studied when the exam began.
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes	acabaron de	Acabaron de terminar la reunión cuando surgió el problema.	They had just finished the meeting when the problem appeared.

💡 Key point: Preterite shows an action that was completed right before another action in the past.

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3. Imperfect Tense: Repeated or Background Context

The imperfect adds nuance—it often describes something that repeatedly “had just happened” or sets background context.

Subject	Conjugation of Acabar	Example	Translation
Yo	acababa de	Acababa de leer cuando me llamaste.	I had just been reading when you called.
Tú	acababas de	Acababas de entrar cada vez que sonaba el teléfono.	You had just entered whenever the phone rang.
Él / Ella / Usted	acababa de	Ella acababa de llegar a casa todas las tardes.	She had just arrived home every afternoon.
Nosotros/as	acabábamos de	Acabábamos de empezar la cena cuando llegaban los niños.	We had just started dinner when the kids used to arrive.
Vosotros/as	acababais de	Acababais de salir siempre que os llamaban.	You all had just left whenever they called.
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes	acababan de	Acababan de terminar la tarea cuando se dormían.	They had just finished homework when they would fall asleep.

💡 Key point: Imperfect emphasizes habitual situations or descriptions in the past.

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4. Future Tense: What Someone “Will Have Just Done”

Though less common, it’s possible to use acabar in the future tense. It means something will just have happened at a point in the future.

Subject	Conjugation of Acabar	Example	Translation
Yo	acabaré de	Acabaré de escribir el informe cuando me llames.	I will have just finished writing the report when you call me.
Tú	acabarás de	Acabarás de cenar cuando empiece la película.	You will have just eaten dinner when the movie starts.
Él / Ella / Usted	acabará de	Él acabará de llegar cuando empiece la reunión.	He will have just arrived when the meeting starts.
Nosotros/as	acabaremos de	Acabaremos de terminar el proyecto en esa fecha.	We will have just finished the project by that date.
Vosotros/as	acabaréis de	Acabaréis de leer el libro antes del examen.	You (all) will have just read the book before the exam.
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes	acabarán de	Acabarán de aterrizar cuando empiece la tormenta.	They will have just landed when the storm starts.

💡 Key point: Rare in spoken Spanish, but useful in formal writing or storytelling.

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5. Conditional Tense: Hypothetical or Reported Situations

In conditional, it describes what would have just happened in a given situation.

Subject	Conjugation of Acabar	Example	Translation
Yo	acabaría de	Acabaría de llegar si no hubiera tráfico.	I would have just arrived if there hadn’t been traffic.
Tú	acabarías de	Acabarías de terminar más rápido con ayuda.	You would have just finished faster with help.
Él / Ella / Usted	acabaría de	Ella acabaría de comer si la llamaras ahora.	She would have just eaten if you called her now.
Nosotros/as	acabaríamos de	Acabaríamos de salir con más tiempo.	We would have just left with more time.
Vosotros/as	acabaríais de	Acabaríais de hacerlo si lo intentaran.	You (all) would have just done it if you tried.
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes	acabarían de	Acabarían de resolver el problema si tuvieran apoyo.	They would have just solved the problem if they had support.

💡 Key point: Adds conditional meaning—useful in complex or formal expressions.

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6. Subjunctive Mood: Doubt, Emotion, or Uncertainty

You may also see acabar de in the subjunctive, often when expressing doubt or hope.

• Dudo que acaben de salir. → “I doubt they just left.”
• Ojalá acabe de terminar pronto. → “Hopefully he just finished soon.”

💡 Key point: This is advanced usage. Beginners can focus on the present tense first.

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Tips for Learners

• Start small: Master the present tense first—it’s the most common.
• Don’t overcomplicate: You rarely need future or conditional forms in daily conversation.
• Listen to natives: Notice how they use acabo de constantly in casual speech.

Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish: Grammar Rules You Need to Know

The construction Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish is straightforward once you understand the basics, but learners often run into small confusions when they try to use it in real conversations. To help you avoid those mistakes, let’s go step by step through the most important grammar rules.

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1. Word Order: The Formula Never Changes

The order is always:
👉 Conjugated form of acabar + de + infinitive verb

Examples:

• Acabo de estudiar. → “I just studied.”
• Acabas de hablar con ella. → “You just spoke with her.”

Unlike English, where you might shuffle words around, Spanish keeps this structure fixed. You can add details before or after, but never in the middle.

❌ Wrong: Acabo estudiar de.
✅ Correct: Acabo de estudiar.

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2. Subject Pronouns Are Optional

In Spanish, subject pronouns (yo, tú, él, etc.) are often dropped unless needed for clarity.

• Acabo de comer. (I just ate.)
• Acaba de salir. (He/She just left.)

If you want to emphasize the subject, you can keep it:

• Yo acabo de comer, no él. (I just ate, not him.)

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3. Negation: Place “No” Before Acabar

To make the phrase negative, simply put no before the conjugated verb acabar.

Examples:

• No acabo de entender. → “I just don’t understand.”
• No acaban de llegar. → “They haven’t just arrived.”

Notice that you don’t move de or the infinitive. Only acabar gets the negation.

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4. Reflexive Verbs Work the Same Way

Many actions in Spanish are reflexive (like levantarse = to get up, ducharse = to shower). You can use them with acabar de without changing the structure.

Examples:

• Acabo de ducharme. → “I just showered.”
• Ella acaba de levantarse. → “She just got up.”

💡 Tip: The reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, os) stays attached to the infinitive, not to acabar.

❌ Wrong: Me acabo de ducharse.
✅ Correct: Acabo de ducharme.

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5. Time Reference Is Always “Recent”

Acabar de + infinitivo always points to something that happened very recently. It doesn’t work for actions far in the past.

• Acabo de llegar. → “I just arrived.” (Correct)
• Acabo de nacer en 1990. → ❌ Wrong. (You can’t “just be born” decades ago.)

For older actions, use past tenses like pretérito or imperfecto.

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6. Difference From “Terminar de + Infinitivo”

Some learners confuse acabar de with terminar de.

• Acabar de + infinitivo = to have just done something.
• Terminar de + infinitivo = to finish doing something.

Examples:

• Acabo de leer el libro. → “I just read the book.”
• Terminé de leer el libro. → “I finished reading the book.”

The meanings are related but not identical.

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7. Question Form: Simply Invert the Intonation

To form a question, keep the same order. You only change your intonation or add question marks.

Examples:

• ¿Acabas de llegar? → “Did you just arrive?”
• ¿Acaban de anunciar la noticia? → “Did they just announce the news?”

Unlike English, you don’t need an auxiliary verb like “do.”

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8. Using Adverbs for Precision

Sometimes you want to highlight how recently something happened. You can add adverbs or expressions.

Examples:

• Acabo de llegar hace un minuto. → “I just arrived a minute ago.”
• Acaban de anunciarlo ahora mismo. → “They just announced it right now.”

These extra words add emphasis but don’t change the basic structure.

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9. Advanced Usage: Subjunctive Contexts

For advanced learners, you may see acabar de appear in the subjunctive when expressing doubt or emotion.

Examples:

• No creo que acabe de terminar su trabajo. → “I don’t think he just finished his work.”
• Me alegra que acabes de llegar. → “I’m glad you just arrived.”

This is less common in beginner Spanish but useful as you progress.

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10. Regional Variations

Although this structure is used across the Spanish-speaking world, some regions (like parts of Latin America) rely even more on simple past tense forms (comí, llegué) instead of acabo de + infinitivo. Still, acabar de is universally understood and always correct.

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Rule Recap

• Structure: [Acabar conjugated] + de + [infinitive]
• Subject pronouns optional
• Negation before acabar
• Reflexive pronouns attach to the infinitive
• Always refers to recent actions
• Different from terminar de
• Simple for questions: just intonation
• Works with adverbs for emphasis
• Advanced use with subjunctive possible
• Understood across all Spanish-speaking regions

Important Tips for Using Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish Correctly

By now, you know the rules and the conjugations of Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish. But when it comes to speaking or writing, many learners still hesitate. The structure feels simple, yet small mistakes can make your Spanish sound unnatural. Here are some important tips that will help you use this phrase with confidence.

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1. Focus on the Recency of the Action

Remember: this phrase always refers to something that just happened. If the event is too far in the past, use the preterite or present perfect instead.

✅ Acabo de ver esa película. → “I just watched that movie.”
❌ Acabo de visitar España el año pasado. (Wrong, because last year isn’t “just now.”)

👉 Tip: Ask yourself, “Did this happen a few seconds or minutes ago?” If yes, use acabar de.

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2. Don’t Confuse It with “Terminar de”

Learners often swap these two structures. They’re close in meaning, but not the same.

• Acabo de comer. → “I just ate.”
• Terminé de comer. → “I finished eating.”

👉 Think of acabar de as focusing on time (recent past) and terminar de as focusing on completion.

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3. Master the Present First

Although you can use this structure in many tenses, the present tense is the most practical and widely used. Native speakers rely on it constantly.

Examples you’ll hear every day:

• Acabo de llegar. → “I just arrived.”
• Acabamos de empezar la clase. → “We just started the class.”

👉 Advice: Don’t rush into preterite or imperfect forms until you feel comfortable with the present.

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4. Place “No” Before Acabar for Negatives

The word no always comes before acabar, not before de or the infinitive.

✅ No acabo de entender. → “I just don’t understand.”
❌ Acabo no de entender. (Incorrect)

👉 Quick memory trick: Negatives in Spanish almost always go directly before the conjugated verb.

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5. Reflexive Verbs Work Smoothly

Don’t let reflexive verbs confuse you. Simply attach the reflexive pronoun to the infinitive.

• Acabo de ducharme. → “I just showered.”
• Acaban de levantarse. → “They just got up.”

👉 If you try to attach the reflexive pronoun to acabar, you’ll end up with an error. Keep it with the infinitive.

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6. Use It in Questions Naturally

Forming questions with acabar de is easy. You don’t need extra words like “do” or “did.”

• ¿Acabas de llegar? → “Did you just arrive?”
• ¿Acaban de salir? → “Did they just leave?”

👉 The structure stays the same—you only raise your intonation.

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7. Add Time Expressions for Emphasis

Want to make it extra clear? Add words like ahora mismo (right now) or hace un minuto (a minute ago).

• Acabo de recibir tu mensaje hace un minuto. → “I just got your message a minute ago.”
• Acaban de anunciarlo ahora mismo. → “They just announced it right now.”

👉 This makes your Spanish sound vivid and expressive.

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8. Watch Out for Overuse

Because it’s so easy, learners sometimes overuse it—even when the event isn’t very recent. Remember, acabar de loses its natural feel if you stretch the “recency” too far.

❌ Acabo de comprar este coche hace dos meses. (Sounds strange: two months isn’t “just.”)
✅ Compré este coche hace dos meses. (Better choice.)

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9. Listen to Native Speakers

The best way to master this structure is by hearing it in real life. Pay attention to conversations, movies, or Spanish podcasts. You’ll notice that acabar de appears naturally in short, quick statements.

Examples from everyday speech:

• ¡Acabo de verlo! → “I just saw it!”
• Nos acabamos de dar cuenta. → “We just realized.”

👉 Tip: Repeat what you hear out loud to get the rhythm right.

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10. Practice with Your Own Life

Don’t just memorize textbook examples. Try using acabar de to describe your real day.

• Acabo de leer este artículo. → “I just read this article.”
• Acabo de preparar un café. → “I just made a coffee.”
• Acabamos de hablar por teléfono. → “We just spoke on the phone.”

👉 This personal practice makes the phrase stick in your mind.

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Expert Insight

Even the Real Academia Española (RAE) emphasizes that acabar de + infinitivo is one of the clearest ways to express immediate past in Spanish. While the preterite and present perfect cover general past actions, this phrase zooms in on recency. That’s why native speakers reach for it so often—it’s quick, precise, and natural.

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Recap of Tips

• Use it only for recent actions.
• Don’t confuse with terminar de.
• Stick to the present tense first.
• Put no before acabar for negatives.
• Attach reflexive pronouns to the infinitive.
• Questions need only intonation changes.
• Add adverbs like ahora mismo for emphasis.
• Avoid overusing it for distant past.
• Listen to natives for natural rhythm.
• Practice with your own experiences.

Common Mistakes with Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish and How to Fix Them

Even though Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish is simple, many learners fall into common traps when trying to use it in real conversations. The good news? Once you recognize these mistakes, they’re easy to fix. Let’s look at the most frequent errors and learn how to avoid them.

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1. ❌ Using It for Distant Past Events

The Mistake: Learners sometimes use acabar de for things that happened long ago.

• Acabo de visitar París en 2010. (Incorrect)

Why It’s Wrong: Acabar de always refers to very recent actions. If the event happened years or months ago, it no longer makes sense.

The Fix: Use the preterite or imperfect tense instead.

✅ Visité París en 2010. → “I visited Paris in 2010.”

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2. ❌ Placing “No” in the Wrong Spot

The Mistake: Some learners try to put no after de or before the infinitive.

• Acabo de no entender. (Incorrect)

Why It’s Wrong: In Spanish, the negation always comes before the conjugated verb.

The Fix: Place no directly before acabar.

✅ No acabo de entender. → “I just don’t understand.”

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3. ❌ Confusing “Acabar de” with “Terminar de”

The Mistake: Learners mix the two and use them interchangeably.

• Acabo de leer el libro (when they mean “I finished reading the book”).

Why It’s Wrong:

• Acabar de + infinitivo = “to have just done something” (focus on time).
• Terminar de + infinitivo = “to finish doing something” (focus on completion).

The Fix: Be clear about whether you want to highlight recency or completion.

✅ Acabo de leer el libro. → “I just read the book.”
✅ Terminé de leer el libro. → “I finished reading the book.”

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4. ❌ Misplacing Reflexive Pronouns

The Mistake: Learners often attach reflexive pronouns to acabar instead of the infinitive.

• Me acabo de ducharse. (Incorrect)

Why It’s Wrong: Reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nos, os) belong to the infinitive, not to acabar.

The Fix: Attach the pronoun to the infinitive verb.

✅ Acabo de ducharme. → “I just showered.”
✅ Ellos acaban de levantarse. → “They just got up.”

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5. ❌ Forgetting the Preposition “de”

The Mistake: Learners sometimes skip de by mistake.

• Acabo comer. (Incorrect)

Why It’s Wrong: The preposition de is essential. Without it, the sentence is ungrammatical.

The Fix: Always include de between acabar and the infinitive.

✅ Acabo de comer. → “I just ate.”

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6. ❌ Overusing It Instead of Other Past Tenses

The Mistake: Learners sometimes use acabar de in situations where the preterite or imperfect is more natural.

• Acabo de estudiar ayer por la tarde. (Strange, because yesterday isn’t “just now.”)

The Fix: Reserve acabar de for actions within the immediate past. Use estudié or estudiaba for other times.

✅ Estudié ayer por la tarde. → “I studied yesterday afternoon.”

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7. ❌ Mispronunciation or Stress Errors

The Mistake: Some learners pronounce it as “a-CA-bar” instead of the correct a-CA-bár with stress on the final syllable.

Why It’s Wrong: Stress in Spanish is crucial. Misplacing it can confuse listeners.

The Fix: Practice saying a-CA-bár slowly, then speed up. Pair it with real examples:

• Acabo de comer.
• Acabamos de salir.

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8. ❌ Forgetting Conjugation of Acabar

The Mistake: Learners sometimes keep acabar in the infinitive form.

• Yo acabar de llegar. (Incorrect)

Why It’s Wrong: The verb acabar must always be conjugated for the subject.

The Fix: Match acabar with the subject.

✅ Yo acabo de llegar. → “I just arrived.”
✅ Ellos acaban de llegar. → “They just arrived.”

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9. ❌ Using It with Future Contexts Unnaturally

The Mistake: Some learners force acabar de into future statements.

• Acabo de terminar mañana. (Incorrect: tomorrow isn’t recent past.)

The Fix: Use future tense forms instead.

✅ Terminaré mañana. → “I will finish tomorrow.”

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10. ❌ Translating Literally into English

The Mistake: Thinking acabar de = “to finish of.”

Why It’s Wrong: Word-for-word translation doesn’t work. It’s an idiomatic phrase that means “to have just done.”

The Fix: Train yourself to see acabar de + infinitivo as a single block of meaning.

✅ Acabo de hablar con ella. → “I just spoke with her.”

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Quick Fix Recap

• Always include de.
• Conjugate acabar for the subject.
• Put no before acabar for negatives.
• Keep reflexive pronouns with the infinitive.
• Use it only for recent past.
• Don’t mix it with terminar de.
• Avoid literal translation into English.

Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish Examples

The best way to master Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish is by seeing it in action. Below are 20 practical sentences that you can use, copy, and adapt to your own conversations. Each comes with an English translation and a short note about its use.

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Daily Life Examples

1. Acabo de desayunar.
   “I just had breakfast.”
   👉 A simple way to explain why you’re not hungry.
2. Acabamos de llegar a casa.
   “We just got home.”
   👉 Useful when telling friends or family about your arrival.
3. Ellos acaban de salir al cine.
   “They just left for the cinema.”
   👉 Handy for explaining where someone went.
4. Acabo de ducharme.
   “I just showered.”
   👉 Reflexive verb example for daily routine.
5. Mi hermano acaba de dormirse.
   “My brother just fell asleep.”
   👉 Common at home when someone has gone to bed.

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Work and Study Examples

6. Acabo de terminar el informe.
   “I just finished the report.”
   👉 Perfect for professional contexts.
7. Acaban de anunciar los resultados del examen.
   “They just announced the exam results.”
   👉 Useful for students and formal situations.
8. El profesor acaba de entrar en la clase.
   “The teacher just walked into the classroom.”
   👉 A common phrase in school or college life.
9. Acabamos de empezar la reunión.
   “We just started the meeting.”
   👉 Professional use to explain timing.
10. Acabo de enviar el correo electrónico.
    “I just sent the email.”
    👉 Practical in both business and everyday settings.

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Communication and Technology Examples

11. Acabo de recibir tu mensaje.
    “I just got your message.”
    👉 One of the most frequent modern uses.
12. Mis amigos acaban de llamarme.
    “My friends just called me.”
    👉 Common in phone conversations.
13. Acabo de ver tu publicación en redes sociales.
    “I just saw your post on social media.”
    👉 Fits modern, digital communication perfectly.
14. Acabamos de escuchar las noticias en la radio.
    “We just heard the news on the radio.”
    👉 Works for reporting current events.
15. Acaban de actualizar la aplicación.
    “They just updated the app.”
    👉 Example for technology-related conversations.

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Social and Personal Life Examples

16. Acabo de conocer a alguien interesante.
    “I just met someone interesting.”
    👉 Useful for sharing personal stories.
17. Acabamos de celebrar el cumpleaños de mi madre.
    “We just celebrated my mother’s birthday.”
    👉 Common in family or social contexts.
18. Mis vecinos acaban de mudarse al edificio.
    “My neighbors just moved into the building.”
    👉 Practical when talking about community life.
19. Acabo de recordar la respuesta correcta.
    “I just remembered the correct answer.”
    👉 Shows how acabar de can express sudden realizations.
20. Acaban de salvar al perro perdido.
    “They just rescued the lost dog.”
    👉 Great for storytelling or news-style updates.

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Why These Sentences Matter

These examples cover:

• Daily routines (eat, shower, sleep).
• Professional life (reports, meetings, emails).
• Technology (messages, posts, apps).
• Social life (birthdays, neighbors, new people).
• Emotional or surprising events (realizations, rescues).

The key is that each action is recent, immediate, and fresh. That’s what makes acabar de + infinitivo so powerful.

Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish: Fill-in-the-Blank Exercise

Test your understanding with this interactive practice. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of acabar de + infinitivo. Pay attention to the subject, verb conjugation, and context.

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Exercise Sentences

1. Yo __________ (comer) hace un minuto.
2. Tú __________ (recibir) mi mensaje ahora mismo.
3. Ella __________ (salir) de la oficina.
4. Nosotros __________ (llegar) a casa después del trabajo.
5. Ellos __________ (terminar) la tarea de matemáticas.
6. Mi hermano __________ (levantarse) hace un momento.
7. Ustedes __________ (ver) la película en el cine.
8. El profesor __________ (explicar) la lección.
9. Vosotros __________ (escuchar) la noticia en la radio.
10. Mis padres __________ (viajar) a México.
11. Yo __________ (recordar) la respuesta correcta.
12. Tú __________ (abrir) la ventana.
13. Nosotros __________ (celebrar) el cumpleaños de Ana.
14. Ella __________ (aprender) una nueva palabra en inglés.
15. Ellos __________ (empezar) la reunión.
16. Mi amigo __________ (perder) sus llaves.
17. Ustedes __________ (recoger) al perro de la calle.
18. Yo __________ (escribir) un correo importante.
19. Ellas __________ (mudarse) a un nuevo apartamento.
20. Nosotros __________ (darnos cuenta) del error.

Check Your Answers for the Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish Exercise

Here are the correct answers to the 20 fill-in-the-blank questions. Compare them with your own responses to see how well you did.

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1. Yo acabo de comer hace un minuto. → I just ate a minute ago.
2. Tú acabas de recibir mi mensaje ahora mismo. → You just received my message right now.
3. Ella acaba de salir de la oficina. → She just left the office.
4. Nosotros acabamos de llegar a casa después del trabajo. → We just got home after work.
5. Ellos acaban de terminar la tarea de matemáticas. → They just finished the math homework.
6. Mi hermano acaba de levantarse hace un momento. → My brother just got up a moment ago.
7. Ustedes acaban de ver la película en el cine. → You just watched the movie at the cinema.
8. El profesor acaba de explicar la lección. → The teacher just explained the lesson.
9. Vosotros acabáis de escuchar la noticia en la radio. → You all just heard the news on the radio.
10. Mis padres acaban de viajar a México. → My parents just traveled to Mexico.
11. Yo acabo de recordar la respuesta correcta. → I just remembered the correct answer.
12. Tú acabas de abrir la ventana. → You just opened the window.
13. Nosotros acabamos de celebrar el cumpleaños de Ana. → We just celebrated Ana’s birthday.
14. Ella acaba de aprender una nueva palabra en inglés. → She just learned a new word in English.
15. Ellos acaban de empezar la reunión. → They just started the meeting.
16. Mi amigo acaba de perder sus llaves. → My friend just lost his keys.
17. Ustedes acaban de recoger al perro de la calle. → You just picked up the dog from the street.
18. Yo acabo de escribir un correo importante. → I just wrote an important email.
19. Ellas acaban de mudarse a un nuevo apartamento. → They just moved into a new apartment.
20. Nosotros acabamos de darnos cuenta del error. → We just realized the mistake.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish

Below are common learner questions found in search engines, forums, and language-learning social media. For each, I provide clear explanations, examples, and translations.

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1. What exactly does “acabar de + infinitivo” mean?

Answer:
“Acabar de + infinitivo” means “to have just done something” — an action completed very recently. It’s used to express the immediate past.

• Acabo de comer. → “I just ate.”
• Ella acaba de llegar. → “She just arrived.”

It’s not the same as general past tenses (preterite or imperfect), which indicate that something happened sometime in the past, without emphasizing “just now.” Many grammar guides note this use for acabar de + infinitivo to signal recency. StudySpanish.com+1

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2. Can “acabar de” ever mean “to finish doing something” instead of “just did”?

Answer:
Generally, no. The primary and standard meaning is “just did.” However, in the past tense (pretérito), acabar de + infinitivo can occasionally take on a nuance similar to terminar de + infinitivo (to finish doing something). The Real Academia Española notes that in certain contexts, acabar de in past forms emphasizing finalization may overlap with terminar de. Real Academia Española

• Acabó de estudiar y salió de la casa.
  → “He had just finished studying and left the house.”
• Cuando acabaron de cenar, hablaron largo rato.
  → “When they finished having dinner, they talked for a long time.” Real Academia Española

But in most everyday situations, stick with acabar de for recent actions, and terminar de when you want to emphasize the completion itself.

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3. Is “acabar de + infinitivo” the same in all Spanish-speaking regions?

Answer:
Yes, the structure is universally understood across Spanish-speaking countries. It’s a standard verbal periphrasis used by native speakers everywhere. Some regional speech might instead favor preterite or present perfect more often, but acabar de + infinitivo remains correct and common everywhere. bergesinstitutespanish.com+2Preply+2

Example:

• In Mexico: Acabo de llegar a la oficina.
• In Spain: Acabo de llegar a la oficina.
  Both mean the same: “I just arrived at the office.”

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4. Which tenses can I use with “acabar de + infinitivo”?

Answer:
You can use various tenses for acabar (present, preterite, imperfect, future, conditional, etc.), though present is the most common.

• Present: Acabo de leer. → “I just read.”
• Preterite: Acabé de leer cuando sonó el teléfono. → “I had just read when the phone rang.”
• Imperfect: Acababa de llegar cuando empezó a llover. → “I had just arrived when it started to rain.”
• Future: Acabaré de escribir cuando tú llegues. → “I will have just finished writing when you arrive.”
• Conditional: Acabaría de hacer la tarea si me dieran tiempo. → “I would have just done the homework if they gave me time.”

But in conversational Spanish, present tense is by far the most used. gramaticas.marcoele.com+3StudySpanish.com+3Preply+3

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5. Where does the reflexive pronoun go when using reflexive verbs with “acabar de”?

Answer:
For reflexive verbs (e.g. levantarse, ducharse), the pronoun (me, te, se, nos, os) attaches to the infinitive, not to acabar.

• Correct: Acabo de ducharme. → “I just showered.”
• Correct: Él acaba de levantarse. → “He just got up.”
• Incorrect: Me acabo de duchar. (This is nonstandard and avoids the natural placement.)

This is a consistent rule in Spanish: pronouns belong to the infinitive when used in periphrasis constructions.

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6. How do I form negative sentences using “acabar de + infinitivo”?

Answer:
Place “no” before the conjugated form of acabar. Everything else stays the same.

• No acabo de entender. → “I just don’t understand.”
• No acabamos de llegar. → “We haven’t just arrived.”
• No acabas de decir la verdad. → “You didn’t just tell the truth.”

Never put no between de and the infinitive — the negative always precedes acabar.

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7. Can I use “acabar de + infinitivo” in a question? How?

Answer:
Yes. You use the same structure; just change your intonation or add question marks.

• ¿Acabas de llegar? → “Did you just arrive?”
• ¿Acabaron de llamar? → “Did they just call?”
• ¿Acabas de decir eso? → “Did you just say that?”

You don’t need extra auxiliary verbs like “did,” unlike English.

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8. How is “acabar de + infinitivo” different from “estar a punto de + infinitivo”?

Answer:

• Acabar de + infinitivo = something just happened.
• Estar a punto de + infinitivo = something is about to happen.

Examples:

• Acabo de salir. → “I just left.”
• Estoy a punto de salir. → “I am about to leave.”

Thus, one refers to the immediate past, the other to the immediate future.

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9. Can I combine time markers (hace, ahora, justo) with “acabar de”?

Answer:
Yes, you can add adverbs or time expressions to emphasize recency. They don’t change the structure.

• Acabo de llegar hace un minuto. → “I just arrived a minute ago.”
• Acaban de anunciarlo justo ahora. → “They just announced it right now.”
• Acabo de ver eso hace un momento. → “I just saw that a moment ago.”

These additions reinforce the freshness of the action.

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10. Can I use “acabar de + infinitivo” with modal verbs or other verbs preceding?

Answer:
Yes, but the structure stays intact. For example:

• Tengo que acabar de estudiar. → “I have to just finish studying.”
• Puedo acabar de comer si quieres. → “I can just finish eating if you want.”
• Quiero acabar de limpiar antes de salir. → “I want to just finish cleaning before leaving.”

But be careful: modal verbs precede acabar de, not interrupt it.

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11. Why can’t I translate acabar de literally as “finish of”?

Answer:
Because acabar de + infinitivo is an idiomatic construction in Spanish. Word-for-word translation doesn’t capture the idiomatic meaning. It doesn’t mean “finish of something,” but “to have just done something.”

• Incorrect literal: “I finish of eat.”
• Correct meaning: “I just ate.”

Think of it as a single block of meaning rather than translating each word separately.

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12. Does “acabar de + infinitivo” work in passive voice or with “ser + participle”?

Answer:
No, we don’t normally use acabar de + infinitivo in passive constructions. The phrase itself implies an active recent event.

Instead, you might rephrase the idea:

• Active: Acabo de recibir la carta. → “I just received the letter.”
• Passive (rephrased): La carta acaba de ser recibida. → “The letter was just received.”

But this passive version is rare and formal, and native speakers usually prefer the active form.

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13. Can “acabar de + infinitivo” be used in the subjunctive?

Answer:
Yes, in more advanced or nuanced contexts, particularly when expressing doubt, emotion, or subjunctive triggers.

• Dudo que acaben de llegar. → “I doubt they just arrived.”
• Ojalá acabe de terminar pronto. → “I hope he/she just finishes soon.”

But this usage is less common for beginners.

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14. What about compound infinitives (haber + participle) after “acabar de”?

Answer:
You generally don’t use a compound infinitive after acabar de. The typical pattern is acabar de + simple infinitive.

• Correct: Acabo de comer.
• Incorrect: Acabo de haber comido.

If you need to express that an action was completed before another, use other tenses (e.g., había comido, hube comido) instead of stacking acabar de.

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15. What if the action is not yet completed? Can I use “acabar de + infinitivo”?

Answer:
No. Acabar de + infinitivo is for completed actions just now. If an action is ongoing or not yet finished, you need a different construction.

• Incorrect: Acabo de estudiar ahora. (implies you already finished)
• Correct alternatives:
  • Estoy estudiando ahora. → “I am studying now.”
  • Voy a estudiar pronto. → “I’m going to study soon.”

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16. Is it okay to use “acabar de + infinitivo” in written Spanish?

Answer:
Absolutely. It’s acceptable both in spoken and written contexts. You’ll find it in newspapers, literature, online articles, and formal writing. Because it’s grammatically correct and widely understood, it functions well across registers. The RAE itself describes acabar de + infinitivo in its section on verbal periphrasis. Real Academia Española

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17. Why do many textbooks present “acabar de + infinitivo” early for beginners?

Answer:
Because it’s simple, high-utility, and frequent. Learners can start using it quickly in real conversations. It gives immediate communicative power:

• You can say things like “I just came,” “I just saw,” “I just received,” which are very common in everyday speech.
• It avoids complicated conjugations.
• It helps learners express actions with nuance (“just did something”) rather than plain past tense.

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18. How does “acabar de + infinitivo” compare with “venir de + infinitivo”?

Answer:
They both can indicate recent past, but there is a nuance:

• Acabar de + infinitivo is more neutral and common: Acabo de comer. → “I just ate.”
• Venir de + infinitivo also expresses recent past, but often with a sense of origin or motion: Vengo de terminar el trabajo. → “I just finished work (and came from there).”

In many cases, acabar de is simpler and more frequently used.

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19. Can I use “acabar de + infinitivo” with verbs of perception (ver, oír, sentir)?

Answer:
Yes, you can. Verbs like ver, oír, sentir often appear with acabar de to highlight immediate experience:

• Acabo de ver esa película. → “I just saw that movie.”
• Acabamos de oír un ruido fuerte. → “We just heard a loud noise.”
• Acaba de sentir el frío del exterior. → “He just felt the cold outside.”

This usage is both common and natural.

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20. What are the most common student errors with “acabar de + infinitivo,” and how can I avoid them?

Answer:
Here are typical mistakes and how to correct them:

Mistake	Why It’s Wrong	Correct Version
Acabo comer	Missing de “de” is essential.	Acabo de comer.
Me acabo de duchar	Pronoun incorrectly attached to acabar.	Acabo de ducharme.
Acabo de … hace dos meses.	Two months is not recent.	Use preterite: Compré… hace dos meses.
Acabo de aprender cuando era niño	The action wasn’t recent.	Use imperfect/preterite: Aprendí cuando era niño.

Also, avoid translating word-for-word from English. Treat acabar de + infinitivo as one construction meaning “just did.”

By practicing and observing patterns, these errors will fade naturally.

Key Takeaways: Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish

• Meaning: The phrase acabar de + infinitivo means “to have just done something” in Spanish.
• Structure: Always follow the formula → [Conjugated form of acabar] + de + [infinitive verb].
  • Example: Acabo de comer. → “I just ate.”
• Recency: It’s used only for very recent past actions (seconds, minutes, or moments ago).
• Not the same as preterite/perfect:
  • Comí. → “I ate.” (General past)
  • He comido. → “I have eaten.” (Completed past)
  • Acabo de comer. → “I just ate.” (Recent action)
• Negatives: Place no before acabar.
  • No acabo de entender. → “I just don’t understand.”
• Reflexive verbs: Reflexive pronouns stay attached to the infinitive.
  • Acabo de ducharme. → “I just showered.”
• Questions: Formed with the same structure, just add intonation or question marks.
  • ¿Acabas de llegar? → “Did you just arrive?”
• Tenses:
  • Present: Most common → “I just did.”
  • Preterite/Imperfect: “Had just done.”
  • Future/Conditional: Rare but possible → “Will have just done / Would have just done.”
• Common mistakes: Forgetting de, misplacing no, confusing with terminar de, or using it for distant past.
• Real-life use: Everyday speech (eating, arriving, calls, messages, news, stories).
• Key difference from terminar de:
  • Acabar de → recent past.
  • Terminar de → completion of an action.
• Regional usage: Universally understood across Spain and Latin America.
• Extra emphasis: Combine with adverbs like ahora mismo or hace un momento.
• Learning tip: Start with present tense, listen to native speakers, and practice with your own daily activities.

👉 Bottom line: Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish is one of the easiest, most powerful ways to sound fluent and natural when describing actions that just happened.

Conclusion: Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish

Learning Spanish is full of small but powerful breakthroughs. One of the simplest yet most impactful is mastering Acabar de + Infinitivo in Spanish. With this single construction, you can describe what you just did in a way that sounds authentic and natural to native speakers.

Think about it—you no longer have to wonder whether to use the preterite or the present perfect when you want to highlight recency. Instead, you can say:

• Acabo de llegar. → “I just arrived.”
• Acabamos de terminar la reunión. → “We just finished the meeting.”

These sentences are short, clear, and instantly understood. They’re not only useful in conversation but also essential for texts, emails, and even formal situations. Whether you’re at home, at school, or in the workplace, acabar de + infinitivo helps you express yourself with confidence.

The best part? It works with almost every verb. You can use it to talk about daily routines (acabo de ducharme), communication (acabo de recibir tu mensaje), life events (acaba de empezar un nuevo trabajo), or even sudden realizations (acabo de darme cuenta). Once you get comfortable with it, you’ll find yourself using it every single day.

Remember these key points:

• Always include de between acabar and the infinitive.
• Place no before acabar for negatives.
• Keep reflexive pronouns attached to the infinitive.
• Use it only for recent actions.

If you practice a few sentences daily—describing things you’ve “just done” in your life—you’ll quickly make this structure second nature. It’s one of those tools that instantly upgrades your Spanish from classroom level to real-world fluency.

Now it’s your turn: try making five sentences right now about things you just did today. The more you personalize it, the faster you’ll own it.

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