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Tag: N1
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Using ใใใฐใใ in Japanese | My Language Classes
Mastering the Japanese Grammar Point ใใใฐใใ (Just Did)
If youโre learning Japanese, youโve likely encountered situations where you want to express that youโve โjust doneโ something. Enter ใใใฐใใ (ta bakari), a handy grammar point that allows you to convey exactly that! Whether youโre talking about finishing a meal, starting a new job, or arriving at a location, ใใใฐใใ is essential for natural-sounding Japanese.
This grammar point is widely used in both spoken and written Japanese, making it a must-know for learners. In this blog, weโll break down everything you need to know about ใใใฐใใ, including its formation, usage, common mistakes, and plenty of examples to help you master it.
When to Use ใใใฐใใ (Just Did)
ใใใฐใใ is used to express that an action has just been completed. It emphasizes that the action happened very recently, often with the implication that the effects or results are still fresh.
Example Sentences:
- ้ฃในใใฐใใใงใใ
Tabeta bakari desu.
I just ate. - ๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใใฐใใใงใใ
Nihon ni kita bakari desu.
I just came to Japan. - ๅฎฟ้กใ็ตใใฃใใฐใใใ ใ
Shukudai o owatta bakari da.
I just finished my homework.
Formation & Structure
The formation of ใใใฐใใ is straightforward. Itโs attached to the past tense (ใ-form) of verbs. Letโs break it down for all three types of verbs: Godan verbs, Ichidan verbs, and Irregular verbs.
1. Godan Verbs (ไบๆฎตๅ่ฉ):
These verbs end in -u, -ku, -gu, -su, -tsu, -nu, -bu, -mu, or -ru (but not -eru or -iru).
- ่กใ (iku) โ ่กใฃใ (itta) โ ่กใฃใใฐใใ (itta bakari)
Example:
้ป่ปใๅบใใฐใใใงใใ
Densha ga deta bakari desu.
The train just left. - ้ฃฒใ (nomu) โ ้ฃฒใใ (nonda) โ ้ฃฒใใ ใฐใใ (nonda bakari)
Example:
ใณใผใใผใ้ฃฒใใ ใฐใใใ ใ
Koohii o nonda bakari da.
I just drank coffee.
2. Ichidan Verbs (ไธๆฎตๅ่ฉ):
These verbs end in -eru or -iru.
- ้ฃในใ (taberu) โ ้ฃในใ (tabeta) โ ้ฃในใใฐใใ (tabeta bakari)
Example:
ใ้ฃฏใ้ฃในใใฐใใใงใใ
Gohan o tabeta bakari desu.
I just ate a meal. - ่ฆใ (miru) โ ่ฆใ (mita) โ ่ฆใใฐใใ (mita bakari)
Example:
ๆ ็ปใ่ฆใใฐใใใ ใ
Eiga o mita bakari da.
I just watched a movie.
3. Irregular Verbs (ไธ่ฆๅๅ่ฉ):
These verbs donโt follow standard conjugation rules.
- ใใ (suru) โ ใใ (shita) โ ใใใฐใใ (shita bakari)
Example:
ๅๅผทใใใใฐใใใงใใ
Benkyou o shita bakari desu.
I just studied. - ๆฅใ (kuru) โ ๆฅใ (kita) โ ๆฅใใฐใใ (kita bakari)
Example:
ๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใใฐใใใงใใ
Nihon ni kita bakari desu.
I just came to Japan.
Conjugation with Nouns and Adjectives:
While ใใใฐใใ is primarily used with verbs, it can also be used with nouns and adjectives in specific contexts.
Nouns:
- Noun + ใ ใฃใ + ใฐใใ
Example:
ๅญฆ็ใ ใฃใใฐใใใงใใ
Gakusei datta bakari desu.
I was just a student.
Adjectives:
- ใ-Adjective (past tense) + ใฐใใ
Example:
ๆใใฃใใฐใใใงใใ
Atsukatta bakari desu.
It was just hot. - ใช-Adjective (past tense) + ใฐใใ
Example:
้ใใ ใฃใใฐใใใงใใ
Shizuka datta bakari desu.
It was just quiet.
Grammar Rules
Hereโs a breakdown of the key rules for using ใใใฐใใ:
- Attach to the Past Tense: Always use the ใ-form of the verb before adding ใฐใใ.
- Example: ๆธใ (kaku) โ ๆธใใ (kaita) โ ๆธใใใฐใใ (kaita bakari)
- No Time Gap: ใใใฐใใ implies that the action was completed very recently. Avoid using it for actions that happened a long time ago.
- Formal vs. Informal:
- Formal: ใใใฐใใใงใ (ta bakari desu)
- Informal: ใใใฐใใใ (ta bakari da)
Usage
ใใใฐใใ is versatile and can be used in various contexts:
- Daily Conversations:
- ่ฒทใ็ฉใใใใฐใใใงใใ
Kaimono o shita bakari desu.
I just went shopping.
- ่ฒทใ็ฉใใใใฐใใใงใใ
- Written Language:
- ๅฝผใฏๅคงๅญฆใๅๆฅญใใใฐใใใ ใ
Kare wa daigaku o sotsugyou shita bakari da.
He just graduated from university.
- ๅฝผใฏๅคงๅญฆใๅๆฅญใใใฐใใใ ใ
- Formal Situations:
- ไผ่ญฐใ็ตใใฃใใฐใใใงใใ
Kaigi ga owatta bakari desu.
The meeting just ended.
- ไผ่ญฐใ็ตใใฃใใฐใใใงใใ
Common Mistakes & How to Avoid Them
Here are some common errors learners make with ใใใฐใใ and how to fix them:
- Incorrect Tense:
- Wrong: ้ฃในใใฐใใใงใใ
Taberu bakari desu. - Correct: ้ฃในใใฐใใใงใใ
Tabeta bakari desu.
(I just ate.)
- Wrong: ้ฃในใใฐใใใงใใ
- Using ใใใฐใใ for Old Actions:
- Wrong: ๅปๅนดใๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใใฐใใใงใใ
Kyonen, Nihon ni kita bakari desu. - Correct: ๅ
้ฑใๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใใฐใใใงใใ
Senshuu, Nihon ni kita bakari desu.
(I just came to Japan last week.)
- Wrong: ๅปๅนดใๆฅๆฌใซๆฅใใฐใใใงใใ
Example Table
Part of Speech Word Example Sentence Romaji English Translation Verb ้ฃในใ (taberu) ๅฝผใฏใ้ฃฏใ้ฃในใใฐใใใงใใ Kare wa gohan o tabeta bakari desu. He just ate a meal. Verb ่กใ (iku) ็ฉบๆธฏใซ็ใใใฐใใใงใใ Kuukou ni tsuita bakari desu. I just arrived at the airport. Verb ่ชญใ (yomu) ใใฎๆฌใ่ชญใใ ใฐใใใ ใ Kono hon o yonda bakari da. I just read this book. Verb ๆธใ (kaku) ๆ็ดใๆธใใใฐใใใงใใ Tegami o kaita bakari desu. I just wrote a letter. Verb ่ฆใ (miru) ๆ ็ปใ่ฆใใฐใใใงใใ Eiga o mita bakari desu. I just watched a movie. Noun ไปไบ (shigoto) ไปไบใ็ตใใฃใใฐใใใงใใ Shigoto ga owatta bakari desu. I just finished work. Noun ๆ ่ก (ryokou) ๆ ่กใใๅธฐใฃใใฐใใใงใใ Ryokou kaeratta bakari desu. I just returned from a trip. Noun ๅฎฟ้ก (shukudai) ๅฎฟ้กใ็ตใใฃใใฐใใใ ใ Shukudai o owatta bakari da. I just finished my homework. Noun ไผ่ญฐ (kaigi) ไผ่ญฐใ็ตใใฃใใฐใใใงใใ Kaigi ga owatta bakari desu. The meeting just ended. Noun ้ป่ฉฑ (denwa) ้ป่ฉฑใใใใใฐใใใ ใ Denwa o kaketa bakari da. I just made a phone call.
More Examples Sentence
- ๅฝผใฏ็ตๅฉใใใฐใใใงใใ
Kare wa kekkon shita bakari desu.
He just got married. - ใใฎใฑใผใญใ็ผใใใฐใใใงใใ
Kono keeki o yaita bakari desu.
I just baked this cake. - ้ป่ปใๅบใใฐใใใ ใ
Densha ga deta bakari da.
The train just left. - ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆณฃใใใฐใใใงใใ
Kanojo wa naita bakari desu.
She just cried. - ๆฐใใไปไบใๅงใใใฐใใใ ใ
Atarashii shigoto o hajimeta bakari da.
I just started a new job. - ใใฎๆฌใ่ฒทใฃใใฐใใใงใใ
Kono hon o katta bakari desu.
I just bought this book. - ๅฝผใฏๅบใใใใฐใใใงใใ
Kare wa dekaketa bakari desu.
He just went out. - ๆผใใฏใใ้ฃในใใฐใใใ ใ
Hirugohan o tabeta bakari da.
I just ate lunch. - ๆ ็ป้คจใซ็ใใใฐใใใงใใ
Eigakan ni tsuita bakari desu.
I just arrived at the movie theater. - ๅฎฟ้กใๆๅบใใใฐใใใงใใ
Shukudai o teishutsu shita bakari desu.
I just submitted my homework.
Practice Exercises
- ๅฝผใฏๅคงๅญฆใ______ใฐใใใงใใ
Kare wa daigaku o ______ bakari desu.
(He just graduated from university.) - ใใฎใฑใผใญใ______ใฐใใใงใใ
Kono keeki o ______ bakari desu.
(I just baked this cake.) - ้ป่ปใ______ใฐใใใ ใ
Densha ga ______ bakari da.
(The train just left.) - ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ______ใฐใใใงใใ
Kanojo wa ______ bakari desu.
(She just cried.) - ๆฐใใไปไบใ______ใฐใใใ ใ
Atarashii shigoto o ______ bakari da.
(I just started a new job.) - ใใฎๆฌใ______ใฐใใใงใใ
Kono hon o ______ bakari desu.
(I just bought this book.) - ๅฝผใฏ______ใฐใใใงใใ
Kare wa ______ bakari desu.
(He just went out.) - ๆผใใฏใใ______ใฐใใใ ใ
Hirugohan o ______ bakari da.
(I just ate lunch.) - ๆ ็ป้คจใซ______ใฐใใใงใใ
Eigakan ni ______ bakari desu.
(I just arrived at the movie theater.) - ๅฎฟ้กใ______ใฐใใใงใใ
Shukudai o ______ bakari desu.
(I just submitted my homework.)
Answers:
- ๅๆฅญใใ
ๅฝผใฏๅคงๅญฆใๅๆฅญใใใฐใใใงใใ
Kare wa daigaku o sotsugyou shita bakari desu. - ็ผใใ
ใใฎใฑใผใญใ็ผใใใฐใใใงใใ
Kono keeki o yaita bakari desu. - ๅบใ
้ป่ปใๅบใใฐใใใ ใ
Densha ga deta bakari da. - ๆณฃใใ
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆณฃใใใฐใใใงใใ
Kanojo wa naita bakari desu. - ๅงใใ
ๆฐใใไปไบใๅงใใใฐใใใ ใ
Atarashii shigoto o hajimeta bakari da. - ่ฒทใฃใ
ใใฎๆฌใ่ฒทใฃใใฐใใใงใใ
Kono hon o katta bakari desu. - ๅบใใใ
ๅฝผใฏๅบใใใใฐใใใงใใ
Kare wa dekaketa bakari desu. - ้ฃในใ
ๆผใใฏใใ้ฃในใใฐใใใ ใ
Hirugohan o tabeta bakari da. - ็ใใ
ๆ ็ป้คจใซ็ใใใฐใใใงใใ
Eigakan ni tsuita bakari desu. - ๆๅบใใ
ๅฎฟ้กใๆๅบใใใฐใใใงใใ
Shukudai o teishutsu shita bakari desu.
Conclusion
Mastering ใใใฐใใ is a game-changer for expressing recent actions in Japanese. By understanding its formation, usage, and common pitfalls, youโll be able to use this grammar point confidently in both spoken and written contexts. Remember to practice regularly and incorporate it into your daily conversations to reinforce your learning.
If you enjoyed this lesson, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Donโt forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have about nouns.
Happy learning! ๐
- ้ฃในใใฐใใใงใใ
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Understanding ใใใจใซใชใ in Japanese | My Language Classes
Understanding ใใใจใซใชใ
If you’re learning Japanese, you’ve likely come across the phrase ใใใจใซใชใ (koto ni naru). This grammatical structure is incredibly versatile and is used in various contexts to express outcomes, decisions, or natural conclusions. Whether you’re a beginner or an advanced learner, mastering ใใใจใซใชใ will significantly enhance your Japanese communication skills.
In this blog post, weโll break down everything you need to know about ใใใจใซใชใ, including its formation, usage, and examples. Letโs dive in!
What Does ใใใจใซใชใ Mean?
The phrase ใใใจใซใชใ is used to indicate that something has been decided, arranged, or naturally resulted in a certain outcome. It often implies that the decision or outcome is beyond the speaker’s control or is a result of external circumstances. Think of it as expressing “it has been decided that…” or “it turns out that…” in English.
For example:
- ๆฅๆฌใซ็ๅญฆใใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Nihon ni ryuugaku suru koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that I will study abroad in Japan.
This sentence suggests that the decision to study abroad was made, possibly by someone else or due to circumstances, rather than the speaker actively choosing it.
Formation of ใใใจใซใชใ
The formation of ใใใจใซใชใ depends on the type of word it follows: verbs, nouns, or adjectives. Hereโs how it works:
1. With Verbs
- Verb (dictionary form) + ใใจใซใชใ
Example:- ่กใ (iku) โ ่กใใใจใซใชใ (iku koto ni naru)
- ้ฃในใ (taberu) โ ้ฃในใใใจใซใชใ (taberu koto ni naru)
2. With Nouns
- Noun + ใซใชใ
Example:- ๅ ็ (sensei) โ ๅ ็ใซใชใ (sensei ni naru)
- ไผใฟ (yasumi) โ ไผใฟใซใชใ (yasumi ni naru)
3. With Adjectives
- ใ-Adjective (remove ใ) + ใใชใ
Example:- ้ซใ (takai) โ ้ซใใชใ (takaku naru)
- ๆฅฝใใ (tanoshii) โ ๆฅฝใใใชใ (tanoshiku naru)
- ใช-Adjective + ใซใชใ
Example:- ้ใ (shizuka) โ ้ใใซใชใ (shizuka ni naru)
- ๅ ๆฐ (genki) โ ๅ ๆฐใซใชใ (genki ni naru)
Usage of ใใใจใซใชใ
ใใใจใซใชใ is used in various situations to express decisions, outcomes, or natural conclusions. Here are some common scenarios:
- Decisions Made by Others
- When someone else makes a decision that affects you.
Example: ๆฅๆ่ปขๅคใใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Raigetsu tenkin suru koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that I will be transferred next month.
- When someone else makes a decision that affects you.
- Natural Outcomes
- When something happens as a natural result.
Example: ้จใ้ใฃใใฎใงใ่ฉฆๅใฏไธญๆญขใใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Ame ga futta node, shiai wa chuushi suru koto ni narimashita.)
Because it rained, the match has been canceled.
- When something happens as a natural result.
- Future Plans
- When talking about future plans or arrangements.
Example: ๆฅ้ฑใฎไผ่ญฐใฏๅปถๆใใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Raishuu no kaigi wa enki suru koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that next weekโs meeting will be postponed.
- When talking about future plans or arrangements.
- Unavoidable Situations
- When something is unavoidable or inevitable.
Example: ๅฝผใฏไปไบใ่พใใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Kare wa shigoto o yameru koto ni narimashita.)
He ended up quitting his job.
- When something is unavoidable or inevitable.
List of Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives with ใใใจใซใชใ
Hereโs a table with examples of verbs, nouns, and adjectives in their ใใใจใซใชใ form:
Type Word ใใใจใซใชใ Form Example Sentence (Romaji) Meaning in English Verb ่กใ (iku) ่กใใใจใซใชใ ๆฅๆๆฅๆฌใซ่กใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ It has been decided that I will go to Japan next month. ้ฃในใ (taberu) ้ฃในใใใจใซใชใ ๅฝผใฏ้่ใใ้ฃในใชใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ It has been decided that he will only eat vegetables. Noun ๅ ็ (sensei) ๅ ็ใซใชใ ๅฝผใฏๆฅๅนดๅ ็ใซใชใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ It has been decided that he will become a teacher next year. ไผใฟ (yasumi) ไผใฟใซใชใ ๆๆฅใฏไผใฟใซใชใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ It has been decided that tomorrow will be a day off. ใ-Adj ้ซใ (takai) ้ซใใชใ ๆฅๆใใๅฎถ่ณใ้ซใใชใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ It has been decided that the rent will increase next month. ๆฅฝใใ (tanoshii) ๆฅฝใใใชใ ใใฎใคใใณใใฏๆฅฝใใใชใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ It has been decided that this event will be fun. ใช-Adj ้ใ (shizuka) ้ใใซใชใ ใใฎ้จๅฑใฏ้ใใซใชใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ It has been decided that this room will be quiet. ๅ ๆฐ (genki) ๅ ๆฐใซใชใ ๅฝผใฏๆ่กๅพใๅ ๆฐใซใชใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ It has been decided that he will recover after the surgery.
More Example Sentences
Here are 10 more examples of ใใใจใซใชใ in action:
- ๆฅ้ฑใใๆฐใใใใญใธใงใฏใใๅงใใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Raishuu kara atarashii purojekuto o hajimeru koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that I will start a new project next week. - ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆฅๆ็ตๅฉใใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Kanojo wa raigetsu kekkon suru koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that she will get married next month. - ใใฎๆฌใฏๆฅๅนดๆ ็ปๅใใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Kono hon wa rainen eiga-ka suru koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that this book will be adapted into a movie next year. - ๆฅ้ฑใฎใใผใใฃใผใฏไธญๆญขใใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Raishuu no paatii wa chuushi suru koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that next weekโs party will be canceled. - ๅฝผใฏๆฅๅนดใขใกใชใซใซๅผใฃ่ถใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Kare wa rainen Amerika ni hikkosu koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that he will move to America next year. - ใใฎๅๅใฏๅคไธใใใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Kono shouhin wa neage suru koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that this product will increase in price. - ๆฅๆใใๆฐใใๅถๅบฆใๅงใพใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Raigetsu kara atarashii seido ga hajimaru koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that a new system will start next month. - ๅฝผใฏๆฅ้ฑ้้ขใใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Kare wa raishuu taiin suru koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that he will be discharged from the hospital next week. - ใใฎๅ้กใฏ่งฃๆฑบใใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Kono mondai wa kaiketsu suru koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that this problem will be resolved. - ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆฅๅนด็ๅญฆใใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Kanojo wa rainen ryuugaku suru koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that she will study abroad next year.
Things to Keep in Mind
- Politeness Level: ใใใจใซใชใ is neutral in tone. For formal situations, use ใใใจใซใชใใพใ (koto ni narimasu) or ใใใจใซใชใใพใใ (koto ni narimashita).
- Subject Implication: The subject of the sentence is often omitted in Japanese, so pay attention to context to understand who or what is being discussed.
- Natural Outcomes: ใใใจใซใชใ often implies that the outcome is natural or unavoidable, rather than a personal choice.
- Verb Tense: The verb before ใใใจใซใชใ is usually in the dictionary form, but the tense of the sentence depends on the context.
Fill in the Blanks
Test your understanding of ใใใจใซใชใ with these fill-in-the-blank questions:
- ๆฅๆใๆฐใใไปไบใ______ใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Raigetsu, atarashii shigoto o ______ koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that I will start a new job next month. - ๅฝผใฏๆฅๅนดใๅคงๅญฆใ______ใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Kare wa rainen, daigaku o ______ koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that he will graduate from university next year. - ใใฎใคใใณใใฏ______ใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Kono ibento wa ______ koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that this event will be canceled. - ๆฅ้ฑใใใๆฐใใใซใผใซใ______ใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Raishuu kara, atarashii ruuru ga ______ koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that a new rule will start next week. - ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆฅๆใ______ใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Kanojo wa raigetsu, ______ koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that she will get married next month. - ใใฎๅๅใฏ______ใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Kono shouhin wa ______ koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that this product will increase in price. - ๅฝผใฏๆฅๅนดใ______ใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Kare wa rainen, ______ koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that he will move to America next year. - ใใฎๅ้กใฏ______ใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Kono mondai wa ______ koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that this problem will be resolved. - ๆฅ้ฑใฎไผ่ญฐใฏ______ใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Raishuu no kaigi wa ______ koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that next weekโs meeting will be postponed. - ๅฝผใฏๆ่กๅพใ______ใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
(Kare wa shujutsu-go, ______ koto ni narimashita.)
It has been decided that he will recover after the surgery.
Answers:
- ๅงใใ (hajimeru)
- ๅๆฅญใใ (sotsugyou suru)
- ไธญๆญขใใ (chuushi suru)
- ๅงใพใ (hajimaru)
- ็ตๅฉใใ (kekkon suru)
- ๅคไธใใใ (neage suru)
- ใขใกใชใซใซๅผใฃ่ถใ (Amerika ni hikkosu)
- ่งฃๆฑบใใ (kaiketsu suru)
- ๅปถๆใใ (enki suru)
- ๅ ๆฐใซใชใ (genki ni naru)
Conclusion
Mastering ใใใจใซใชใ is a key step in becoming fluent in Japanese. This structure is essential for expressing decisions, outcomes, and natural conclusions in a variety of contexts. By understanding its formation and usage, youโll be able to communicate more effectively and naturally in Japanese. Keep practicing with the examples and exercises provided, and soon youโll be using ใใใจใซใชใ like a pro!
If you enjoyed this lesson, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Donโt forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have about nouns.
Happy learning! ๐
- ๆฅๆฌใซ็ๅญฆใใใใจใซใชใใพใใใ
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Mastering ใใใจใซใใ in Japanese | My Language Classes
Using ใใใจใซใใ in Japanese
When learning Japanese, one of the most useful grammar points youโll encounter is ใใใจใซใใ. This expression is essential for expressing decisions, resolutions, or choices in daily life. Whether you’re deciding to start a new habit, make a lifestyle change, or simply choose what to eat for dinner, ใใใจใซใใ is your go-to structure.
In this blog post, weโll dive deep into the meaning, formation, usage, and examples of ใใใจใซใใ. By the end, youโll be able to use it confidently in various situations!
What Does ใใใจใซใใ Mean?
ใใใจใซใใ is a Japanese grammar structure used to express a decision or resolution made by the speaker. It translates to “decide to” or “make up one’s mind to” in English. It emphasizes that the decision is a conscious choice, often implying a sense of determination or commitment.
For example:
- ๅๅผทใใใใจใซใใพใใใ
Benkyou suru koto ni shimashita.
I decided to study.
This sentence shows that the speaker has made a deliberate decision to study.
Formation of ใใใจใซใใ
The formation of ใใใจใซใใ depends on the type of word it follows: verbs, nouns, or adjectives. Letโs break it down:
1. With Verbs
- Verb (dictionary form) + ใใจใซใใ
Example:- ้ฃในใ (taberu) โ ้ฃในใใใจใซใใ (taberu koto ni suru)
- ่กใ (iku) โ ่กใใใจใซใใ (iku koto ni suru)
2. With Nouns
- Noun + ใซใใ
Example:- ไผใฟ (yasumi) โ ไผใฟใซใใ (yasumi ni suru)
- ใณใผใใผ (koohii) โ ใณใผใใผใซใใ (koohii ni suru)
3. With Adjectives
- ใ-Adjective + ใ + ใใ
Example:- ๆฉใ (hayai) โ ๆฉใใใใใจใซใใ (hayaku suru koto ni suru)
- ใช-Adjective + ใซ + ใใ
Example:- ็ฐกๅ (kantan) โ ็ฐกๅใซใใใใจใซใใ (kantan ni suru koto ni suru)
Usage of ใใใจใซใใ
ใใใจใซใใ is used in various situations where a decision or resolution is made. Here are some common scenarios:
- Personal Resolutions: Deciding to start or stop a habit.
- ๆฏๆฅ้ๅใใใใจใซใใพใใใ
Mainichi undou suru koto ni shimashita.
I decided to exercise every day.
- ๆฏๆฅ้ๅใใใใจใซใใพใใใ
- Choosing Between Options: Making a choice between alternatives.
- ไปๆฅใฏใในใฟใ้ฃในใใใจใซใใใ
Kyou wa pasuta o taberu koto ni suru.
Iโll decide to eat pasta today.
- ไปๆฅใฏใในใฟใ้ฃในใใใจใซใใใ
- Future Plans: Deciding on future actions.
- ๆฅ้ฑใๆ
่กใซ่กใใใจใซใใใ
Raishuu, ryokou ni iku koto ni suru.
Iโve decided to go on a trip next week.
- ๆฅ้ฑใๆ
่กใซ่กใใใจใซใใใ
- Changes in Plans: Altering previous decisions.
- ใใใใใจใซใใพใใใ
Yameru koto ni shimashita.
Iโve decided to quit.
- ใใใใใจใซใใพใใใ
- Expressing Intentions: Showing determination or commitment.
- ้ ๅผตใใใจใซใใ๏ผ
Ganbaru koto ni suru!
Iโll decide to do my best!
- ้ ๅผตใใใจใซใใ๏ผ
List of Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives with ใใใจใซใใ
Hereโs a table with examples of verbs, nouns, and adjectives in their ใใใจใซใใ form:
Word Type ใใใจใซใใ Form Example Sentence Romaji English Meaning ้ฃในใ (taberu) Verb ้ฃในใใใจใซใใ ไปๆฅใฏ้่ใ้ฃในใใใจใซใใใ Kyou wa yasai o taberu koto ni suru. Iโll decide to eat vegetables today. ่กใ (iku) Verb ่กใใใจใซใใ ๆๆฅใๅ ฌๅใซ่กใใใจใซใใใ Ashita, kouen ni iku koto ni suru. Iโll decide to go to the park tomorrow. ไผใฟ (yasumi) Noun ไผใฟใซใใ ไปๆฅใฏไผใฟใซใใใ Kyou wa yasumi ni suru. Iโll decide to take a break today. ใณใผใใผ (koohii) Noun ใณใผใใผใซใใ ๆใฏใณใผใใผใซใใใ Asa wa koohii ni suru. Iโll decide to have coffee in the morning. ๆฉใ (hayai) ใ-Adjective ๆฉใใใใใจใซใใ ๆฏๆฅๆฉใ่ตทใใใใจใซใใใ Mainichi hayaku okiru koto ni suru. Iโll decide to wake up early every day. ็ฐกๅ (kantan) ใช-Adjective ็ฐกๅใซใใใใจใซใใ ใใฎๅ้กใ็ฐกๅใซใใใใจใซใใใ Kono mondai o kantan ni suru koto ni suru. Iโll decide to make this problem simple.
More Example Sentences
Here are 10 additional examples to help you understand ใใใจใซใใ better:
- ๆฏๆฅๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใใใจใซใใพใใใ
Mainichi nihongo o benkyou suru koto ni shimashita.
I decided to study Japanese every day. - ไปๅคใฏๆฉใๅฏใใใจใซใใใ
Konya wa hayaku neru koto ni suru.
Iโll decide to go to bed early tonight. - ๆฅๆใใใธใ ใซ้ใใใจใซใใใ
Raigetsu kara jimu ni kayou koto ni suru.
Iโve decided to go to the gym starting next month. - ็ใใใฎใๆงใใใใจใซใใพใใใ
Amai mono o hikaeru koto ni shimashita.
I decided to cut back on sweets. - ไปๆฅใฏๆ ็ปใ่ฆใใใจใซใใใ
Kyou wa eiga o miru koto ni suru.
Iโll decide to watch a movie today. - ้ฑๆซใฏๅฎถใงใใฃใใใใใใจใซใใใ
Shuumatsu wa ie de yukkuri suru koto ni suru.
Iโll decide to relax at home this weekend. - ๆฐใใไปไบใๆขใใใจใซใใพใใใ
Atarashii shigoto o sagasu koto ni shimashita.
I decided to look for a new job. - ๆฏๆฅๆญฉใใใจใซใใใ
Mainichi aruku koto ni suru.
Iโll decide to walk every day. - ไปๆฅใฏใ้
ใ้ฃฒใพใชใใใจใซใใใ
Kyou wa osake o nomanai koto ni suru.
Iโll decide not to drink alcohol today. - ใใฎๆฌใ่ชญใใใจใซใใใ
Kono hon o yomu koto ni suru.
Iโll decide to read this book.
Things to Keep in Mind
- Politeness Level: ใใใจใซใใ is neutral in tone. For formal situations, use ใใใจใซใใพใ or ใใใจใซใใพใใ.
- Negative Form: To express a decision not to do something, use ใใชใใใจใซใใ.
Example: ้ฃในใชใใใจใซใใ (tabenai koto ni suru) โ Iโll decide not to eat. - Past Tense: Use ใใใจใซใใ to indicate a decision made in the past.
Example: ่กใใใจใซใใ (iku koto ni shita) โ I decided to go. - Context Matters: The context of the sentence will determine whether the decision is about the future, present, or past.
Fill in the Blanks
Test your understanding with these fill-in-the-blank questions!
- ไปๆฅใฏๅๅผทใใ______ใ
Kyou wa benkyou suru ______.
(Iโll decide to study today.) - ๆฅ้ฑใๆ
่กใซ______ใ
Raishuu, ryokou ni ______.
(Iโve decided to go on a trip next week.) - ๆฏๆฅ้ๅใใ______ใ
Mainichi undou suru ______.
(I decided to exercise every day.) - ไปๆฅใฏใณใผใใผ______ใ
Kyou wa koohii ______.
(Iโll decide to have coffee today.) - ็ใใใฎใๆงใใ______ใ
Amai mono o hikaeru ______.
(I decided to cut back on sweets.) - ไปๅคใฏๆฉใ______ใ
Konya wa hayaku ______.
(Iโll decide to go to bed early tonight.) - ๆฐใใไปไบใๆขใ______ใ
Atarashii shigoto o sagasu ______.
(I decided to look for a new job.) - ้ฑๆซใฏๅฎถใงใใฃใใ______ใ
Shuumatsu wa ie de yukkuri ______.
(Iโll decide to relax at home this weekend.) - ใใฎๆฌใ่ชญใ______ใ
Kono hon o yomu ______.
(Iโll decide to read this book.) - ๆฏๆฅๆญฉใ______ใ
Mainichi aruku ______.
(Iโll decide to walk every day.)
Answers:
- ใใจใซใใ
- ่กใใใจใซใใ
- ใใจใซใใพใใ
- ใซใใ
- ใใจใซใใพใใ
- ๅฏใใใจใซใใ
- ใใจใซใใพใใ
- ใใใใจใซใใ
- ใใจใซใใ
- ใใจใซใใ
Conclusion
Mastering ใใใจใซใใ is a game-changer for expressing decisions and resolutions in Japanese. Whether youโre making a personal commitment, choosing between options, or altering plans, this grammar point is versatile and practical. By practicing the examples and understanding the formation rules, youโll be able to use ใใใจใซใใ confidently in conversations and writing. Keep practicing, and soon itโll become second nature!
If you enjoyed this lesson, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Donโt forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have about nouns.
Happy learning! ๐
- ๅๅผทใใใใจใซใใพใใใ
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Why People Fail at Language Learning & How to Fix It | My Language Classes
Why Do People Fail at Learning a Language? Common Mistakes & Fixes
Learning a new language is an exciting journey that opens doors to new cultures, opportunities, and connections. However, many language learners find themselves stuck, frustrated, or even giving up altogether. Why does this happen? The truth is, language learning is a skill that requires the right strategies, mindset, and consistency.
In this blog post, weโll explore the most common mistakes people make when learning a new language and provide actionable fixes to help you succeed. Whether youโre a beginner or an advanced learner, this guide will equip you with the tools to overcome challenges and achieve fluency.
1. Lack of Clear Goals and Motivation
The Mistake:
One of the biggest reasons people fail at learning a new language is not having a clear purpose or motivation. Without a โwhy,โ itโs easy to lose focus and give up when the going gets tough.
The Fix:
- Set SMART Goals: Make your language learning goals Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. For example, โI want to hold a 10-minute conversation in Spanish within three months.โ
- Find Your Motivation: Whether itโs for travel, career advancement, or connecting with family, identify your personal reason for learning the language. Write it down and revisit it often to stay inspired.
Pro Tip: Join a community of like-minded learners! Visit My Language Classes Blog for resources and connect with others on the same journey.
2. Inconsistent Practice
The Mistake:
Many learners start strong but fail to maintain consistency. Language learning is a marathon, not a sprint, and sporadic practice wonโt yield results.
The Fix:
- Create a Routine: Dedicate a specific time each day to practice, even if itโs just 15-20 minutes. Consistency is key.
- Use Micro-Learning: Break your learning into small, manageable chunks. Apps, flashcards, and short videos can help you practice on the go.
- Track Your Progress: Keep a journal or use an app to monitor your improvement. Celebrate small wins to stay motivated.
Expert Advice: Check out my YouTube channel for daily practice tips and mini-lessons to keep you on track.
3. Fear of Making Mistakes
The Mistake:
Fear of embarrassment often holds learners back from speaking and practicing. This fear can create a mental block and slow progress.
The Fix:
- Embrace Mistakes: Remember, mistakes are a natural part of learning. Every error is an opportunity to improve.
- Practice in a Safe Environment: Start by speaking with friends, language partners, or tutors who encourage and support you.
- Focus on Communication, Not Perfection: The goal is to be understood, not to speak flawlessly. Confidence grows with practice.
Relatable Anecdote: I once mispronounced a word so badly that my entire class burst out laughing. Instead of feeling embarrassed, I laughed with them and learned the correct pronunciation. That moment taught me the importance of embracing imperfection.
4. Over-Reliance on Passive Learning
The Mistake:
Many learners spend too much time on passive activities like watching videos or reading without actively engaging with the language.
The Fix:
- Balance Passive and Active Learning: While watching movies or listening to podcasts is helpful, actively practice speaking, writing, and thinking in the language.
- Engage in Conversations: Use language exchange platforms or join conversation groups to practice real-life communication.
- Write Regularly: Keep a journal or write short essays in your target language to improve your writing skills.
Practical Tip: Follow me on Instagram for daily language challenges and prompts to get you actively practicing.
5. Not Immersing Yourself in the Language
The Mistake:
Learning a language in isolation without exposure to real-world contexts can make the process feel abstract and disconnected.
The Fix:
- Surround Yourself with the Language: Change your phoneโs language settings, listen to music, or watch TV shows in your target language.
- Travel or Virtual Immersion: If possible, visit a country where the language is spoken. Alternatively, join online communities or virtual immersion programs.
- Think in the Language: Start by narrating your daily activities in your target language. This helps you internalize vocabulary and grammar.
Call to Action: For more immersion tips, subscribe to my newsletter on My Language Classes Blog and get exclusive resources delivered to your inbox.
6. Unrealistic Expectations
The Mistake:
Many learners expect to become fluent overnight and feel discouraged when progress is slower than anticipated.
The Fix:
- Be Patient: Language learning is a gradual process. Celebrate small milestones along the way.
- Focus on Progress, Not Perfection: Instead of aiming for fluency right away, set smaller, achievable goals like mastering basic greetings or ordering food in a restaurant.
- Seek Support: Join forums like Quora to connect with other learners and share experiences.
Motivational Insight: Remember, even native speakers make mistakes. The journey is about growth, not perfection.
Conclusion: Your Path to Language Learning Success
Learning a new language is a rewarding but challenging endeavor. By avoiding these common mistakes and implementing the fixes outlined above, you can set yourself up for success. Remember, consistency, motivation, and a positive mindset are your greatest allies.
If you enjoyed this blog, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Donโt forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have about nouns.
Happy learning! ๐
-
ใใฟ: The Nominalizer for Adjectives/Verbs | My Language Classes
Understanding ใใฟ in Japanese
Japanese is a language rich in nuances, and one of its unique features is the use of nominalizers like ใใฟ. If youโve ever wondered how to turn adjectives into nouns to express abstract qualities or feelings, ใใฟ is your go-to tool.
In this blog post, weโll dive deep into the meaning, formation, and usage of ใใฟ, along with plenty of examples to help you master this essential grammar point.
What is ใใฟ?
ใใฟ is a nominalizer used primarily with adjectives (and sometimes verbs) to turn them into nouns. It expresses an abstract quality, state, or feeling associated with the original word. For example, ็ใ (amai, sweet) becomes ็ใฟ (amami, sweetness), which refers to the quality of being sweet.
This form is commonly used in everyday Japanese to describe sensations, emotions, or characteristics. Itโs a versatile tool that adds depth to your expressions.
Formation of ใใฟ
1. With Adjectives
To form ใใฟ with adjectives, remove the final ใ (if itโs an ใ-adjective) and add ใฟ.
Example:
- ็ใ (amai, sweet) โ ็ใฟ (amami, sweetness)
- ็ใ (itai, painful) โ ็ใฟ (itami, pain)
2. With Nouns
Some nouns can also take ใใฟ to express a related quality or state.
Example:
- ๅผทใ (tsuyosa, strength) โ ๅผทใฟ (tsuyomi, strong point)
- ๆทฑใ (fukasa, depth) โ ๆทฑใฟ (fukami, depth/richness)
3. With Verbs
While less common, some verbs can also take ใใฟ to express a resulting state or quality.
Example:
- ๆฅฝใใ (tanoshimu, to enjoy) โ ๆฅฝใใฟ (tanoshimi, enjoyment)
- ๆฒใใ (kanashimu, to grieve) โ ๆฒใใฟ (kanashimi, sadness)
Usage of ใใฟ
The ใใฟ form is used in various situations to describe abstract qualities, emotions, or states. Here are some common scenarios:
- Describing Sensations:
- ็ใฟ (amami, sweetness)
- ่ฆใฟ (nigami, bitterness)
- Expressing Emotions:
- ๆฒใใฟ (kanashimi, sadness)
- ๆฅฝใใฟ (tanoshimi, enjoyment)
- Highlighting Characteristics:
- ๅผทใฟ (tsuyomi, strong point)
- ๅผฑใฟ (yowami, weakness)
- Describing Physical States:
- ็ใฟ (itami, pain)
- ้ใฟ (omomi, heaviness)
List of Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives with ใใฟ Form
Original Word ใใฟ Form Example Sentence Romaji English Meaning ็ใ (amai, sweet) ็ใฟ (amami, sweetness) ใใฎๆ็ฉใฏ็ใฟใใใใ Kono kudamono wa amami ga aru. This fruit has sweetness. ็ใ (itai, painful) ็ใฟ (itami, pain) ๅฝผใฏ็ใฟใๆใใใ Kare wa itami o kanjita. He felt pain. ๅผทใ (tsuyoi, strong) ๅผทใฟ (tsuyomi, strong point) ๅฝผใฎๅผทใฟใฏๅฟ่ๅใ ใ Kare no tsuyomi wa nintairyoku da. His strong point is patience. ๆทฑใ (fukai, deep) ๆทฑใฟ (fukami, depth) ใใฎ่ฉฑใซใฏๆทฑใฟใใใใ Kono hanashi ni wa fukami ga aru. This story has depth. ๆฒใใ (kanashimu, to grieve) ๆฒใใฟ (kanashimi, sadness) ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ็ฎใซใฏๆฒใใฟใใใฃใใ Kanojo no me ni wa kanashimi ga atta. There was sadness in her eyes. ๆฅฝใใ (tanoshimu, to enjoy) ๆฅฝใใฟ (tanoshimi, enjoyment) ้ฑๆซใฎๆ ่กใๆฅฝใใฟใ ใ Shuumatsu no ryokou ga tanoshimi da. Iโm looking forward to the weekend trip.
More Example Sentences
- ใใฎๆ็ใฏ่ฆใฟใ็นๅพดใงใใ
Romaji: Kono ryouri wa nigami ga tokuchou desu.
English: This dish is characterized by its bitterness. - ๅฝผใฎ่จ่ใซใฏ้ใฟใใใฃใใ
Romaji: Kare no kotoba ni wa omomi ga atta.
English: His words had weight. - ใใฎใฏใคใณใฏ้
ธใฟใใใใฆใใใ
Romaji: Kono wain wa suami ga kiite iru.
English: This wine has a nice acidity. - ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ็ฌ้กใซใฏๆธฉใใฟใใใใ
Romaji: Kanojo no egao ni wa atatakami ga aru.
English: Her smile has warmth. - ใใฎ็ตตใซใฏๆทฑใฟใใใใ
Romaji: Kono e ni wa fukami ga aru.
English: This painting has depth. - ๅฝผใฎๅผทใฟใฏใชใผใใผใทใใใงใใ
Romaji: Kare no tsuyomi wa riidaashippu desu.
English: His strong point is leadership. - ใใฎใ่ถใฏ็ใฟใๅฐใชใใ
Romaji: Kono ocha wa amami ga sukunai.
English: This tea has little sweetness. - ๅฝผใฎ็ฎใซใฏๆฒใใฟใๆตฎใใใงใใใ
Romaji: Kare no me ni wa kanashimi ga ukande ita.
English: Sadness was visible in his eyes. - ใใฎ้ณๆฅฝใซใฏๆฅฝใใฟใใใใ
Romaji: Kono ongaku ni wa tanoshimi ga aru.
English: This music has a sense of enjoyment. - ๅฝผใฏ็ใฟใซ่ใใใ
Romaji: Kare wa itami ni taeta.
English: He endured the pain.
Things to Keep in Mind
- Not All Adjectives Can Take ใใฟ: Some adjectives, like ๆฐใใ (atarashii, new), donโt naturally take ใใฟ.
- Abstract Nature: ใใฟ is used for abstract qualities, not concrete objects.
- Context Matters: The meaning of ใใฟ can vary depending on the context.
- Less Common with Verbs: While possible, ใใฟ is rarely used with verbs compared to adjectives.
Fill in the Blanks
- ใใฎใฑใผใญใฏ______ใใใใ (็ใ)
- ๅฝผใฎ______ใฏๅชใใใงใใ (ๅผทใ)
- ใใฎใณใผใใผใฏ______ใๅผทใใ (่ฆใ)
- ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅฃฐใซใฏ______ใใใฃใใ (ๆใใ)
- ใใฎๅฐ่ชฌใซใฏ______ใใใใ (ๆทฑใ)
- ๅฝผใฏ______ใซ่ใใใ (็ใ)
- ใใฎใฏใคใณใฏ______ใใใใฆใใใ (ใใใ)
- ๅฝผใฎ็ฎใซใฏ______ใๆตฎใใใงใใใ (ๆฒใใ)
- ้ฑๆซใฎๆ ่กใ______ใ ใ (ๆฅฝใใ)
- ใใฎๆ็ใฏ______ใ็นๅพดใงใใ (่ฆใ)
Answers:
- ็ใฟ
- ๅผทใฟ
- ่ฆใฟ
- ๆธฉใใฟ
- ๆทฑใฟ
- ็ใฟ
- ้ ธใฟ
- ๆฒใใฟ
- ๆฅฝใใฟ
- ่ฆใฟ
Conclusion
Mastering ใใฟ is a great way to add depth and nuance to your Japanese. Whether youโre describing emotions, sensations, or characteristics, this nominalizer is a powerful tool in your language arsenal. Practice the examples, try the fill-in-the-blanks, and soon youโll be using ใใฟ like a native speaker!
If you enjoyed this lesson, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Donโt forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have about nouns.
Happy learning! ๐
-
Understanding ใใ: The Nominalizer for Adjectives | My Language Classes
Using ใใ as a Nominalizer
When learning Japanese, one of the most useful grammatical tools youโll encounter is the nominalizer ใใ. This simple yet powerful suffix transforms adjectives into nouns, allowing you to express concepts like “height,” “beauty,” or “difficulty” in a clear and concise way.
In this blog post, weโll dive deep into the meaning, formation, and usage of ใใ, along with plenty of examples to help you master this essential Japanese grammar point.
What is ใใ?
In Japanese, ใใ is a nominalizer that turns adjectives into nouns. It is used to express the degree, state, or quality of something. For example, the adjective ้ซใ (takai), meaning “high” or “expensive,” becomes ้ซใ (takasa), which means “height” or “cost.” This makes ใใ incredibly useful for describing abstract concepts or measurable qualities.
Formation of ใใ
The formation of ใใ is straightforward, but it varies slightly depending on the type of adjective or word itโs attached to. Letโs break it down:
1. With ใ-Adjectives (i-Adjectives)
Remove the final ใ (i) and add ใ (sa).
Example:- ้ซใ (takai) โ ้ซใ (takasa)
- ๆฅฝใใ (tanoshii) โ ๆฅฝใใ (tanoshisa)
2. With ใช-Adjectives (na-Adjectives)
Remove the ใช (na) and add ใ (sa).
Example:- ้ใ (shizuka) โ ้ใใ (shizukasa)
- ไพฟๅฉ (benri) โ ไพฟๅฉใ (benrisa)
3. With Nouns
ใใ is rarely used with nouns directly, but it can be added to noun-like adjectives (e.g., ๅ ๆฐ โ ๅ ๆฐใ).
Usage of ใใ
The ใใ form is used in various situations to express the degree, state, or quality of something. Here are some common scenarios:
- Describing Physical Attributes
- ใใฎๅฑฑใฎ้ซใใฏใฉใใใใใงใใ๏ผ
(Kono yama no takasa wa dore kurai desu ka?)
How high is this mountain?
- ใใฎๅฑฑใฎ้ซใใฏใฉใใใใใงใใ๏ผ
- Expressing Abstract Qualities
- ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅชใใใซๆๅใใพใใใ
(Kanojo no yasashisa ni kandou shimashita.)
I was moved by her kindness.
- ๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅชใใใซๆๅใใพใใใ
- Comparing Degrees or Levels
- ใใฎๅ้กใฎ้ฃใใใฏใฌใใซใ้ซใใ
(Kono mondai no muzukashisa wa reberu ga takai.)
The difficulty level of this problem is high.
- ใใฎๅ้กใฎ้ฃใใใฏใฌใใซใ้ซใใ
- Emphasizing a State or Condition
- ใใฎ้จๅฑใฎๅบใใฏๅๅใงใใ
(Kono heya no hirosa wa juubun desu.)
The spaciousness of this room is sufficient.
- ใใฎ้จๅฑใฎๅบใใฏๅๅใงใใ
List of Adjectives with ใใ Form
Hereโs a table showcasing common words with their ใใ forms, along with example sentences:
Original Word ใใ Form Example Sentence (Japanese) Romaji English Meaning ้ซใ (takai) ้ซใ (takasa) ใใฎใใซใฎ้ซใใฏใใใใ Kono biru no takasa wa sugoi. The height of this building is amazing. ๆฅฝใใ (tanoshii) ๆฅฝใใ (tanoshisa) ๆ ่กใฎๆฅฝใใใฏ่จ่ใงใฏ่กจใใชใใ Ryokou no tanoshisa wa kotoba de wa arawasenai. The joy of traveling cannot be expressed in words. ้ใ (shizuka) ้ใใ (shizukasa) ใใฎๅ ฌๅใฎ้ใใใๅฅฝใใงใใ Kono kouen no shizukasa ga suki desu. I like the quietness of this park. ไพฟๅฉ (benri) ไพฟๅฉใ (benrisa) ใใฎใขใใชใฎไพฟๅฉใใซ้ฉใใใ Kono apuri no benrisa ni odoroita. I was amazed by the convenience of this app. ๅ ๆฐ (genki) ๅ ๆฐใ (genkisa) ๅฝผใฎๅ ๆฐใใฏใฟใใชใฎๅฑใฟใซใชใใ Kare no genkisa wa minna no hagemi ni naru. His energy motivates everyone.
More Example Sentences
Here are 10 additional examples to help you understand the usage of ใใ in context:
- ใใฎๆนใฎๆทฑใใฏใฉใฎใใใใงใใ๏ผ
(Kono mizuumi no fukasa wa dono kurai desu ka?)
How deep is this lake? - ๅฝผใฎๅผทใใฏ่ชฐใซใ่ฒ ใใชใใ
(Kare no tsuyosa wa dare ni mo makenai.)
His strength is unmatched by anyone. - ใใฎๆ็ใฎ่พใใฏใกใใใฉใใใ
(Kono ryouri no karasa wa choudo ii.)
The spiciness of this dish is just right. - ใใฎ็บใฎๆใใใๅฅฝใใงใใ
(Kono machi no atatakasa ga suki desu.)
I love the warmth of this town. - ใใฎไปไบใฎๅคงๅคใใ็่งฃใใฆใใพใใ
(Kono shigoto no taihensa o rikai shiteimasu.)
I understand the difficulty of this job. - ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ็พใใใฏ่จ่ใงใฏ่กจใใชใใ
(Kanojo no utsukushisa wa kotoba de wa arawasenai.)
Her beauty cannot be expressed in words. - ใใฎๆฌใฎ้ข็ฝใใซๅคขไธญใซใชใฃใใ
(Kono hon no omoshirosa ni muchuu ni natta.)
I became engrossed in the interestingness of this book. - ใใฎๅ้กใฎ่ค้ใใซๆฉใใงใใพใใ
(Kono mondai no fukuzatsusa ni nayandeimasu.)
Iโm struggling with the complexity of this problem. - ใใฎๆตทใฎ้ใใฏๅฟใใใใชใใ
(Kono umi no aosa wa wasurerarenai.)
I canโt forget the blueness of this sea. - ใใฎใฑใผใญใฎ็ใใฏๆงใใใงใใ
(Kono keeki no amasa wa hikaeme desu.)
The sweetness of this cake is mild.
Things to Keep in Mind
- ใใ vs. ใใฟ: While both ใใ and ใใฟ can nominalize adjectives, ใใ is more commonly used for measurable or objective qualities, whereas ใใฟ often conveys a more subjective or emotional nuance.
- Avoid Overuse: ใใ is versatile, but overusing it can make your speech or writing sound repetitive.
- Context Matters: Always consider the context when using ใใ, as it may not always be the most natural choice.
Fill in the Blanks
Test your understanding of ใใ with these fill-in-the-blank questions:
- ใใฎๅทใฎ______ใฏใฉใใใใใงใใใ๏ผๆทฑใ)
- ๅฝผใฎ______ใซๆๅใใพใใใ (ๅชใใ)
- ใใฎๅ้กใฎ______ใฏ้ซใใงใใ (้ฃใใ)
- ใใฎ้จๅฑใฎ______ใฏๅๅใงใใ (ๅบใ)
- ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ______ใฏ่ชฐใซใ่ฒ ใใชใใ (ๅผทใ)
- ใใฎๆ็ใฎ______ใฏใกใใใฉใใใ (่พใ)
- ใใฎ็บใฎ______ใๅฅฝใใงใใ (ๆใใ)
- ใใฎไปไบใฎ______ใ็่งฃใใฆใใพใใ (ๅคงๅค)
- ใใฎๆตทใฎ______ใฏๅฟใใใใชใใ (้ใ)
- ใใฎใฑใผใญใฎ______ใฏๆงใใใงใใ (็ใ)
Answers:
- ๆทฑใ
- ๅชใใ
- ้ฃใใ
- ๅบใ
- ๅผทใ
- ่พใ
- ๆใใ
- ๅคงๅคใ
- ้ใ
- ็ใ
Conclusion
Mastering the ใใ nominalizer is a key step in becoming fluent in Japanese. It allows you to express abstract qualities and measurable attributes with ease, making your speech and writing more nuanced and precise. By practicing the examples and understanding the formation rules, youโll soon find yourself using ใใ naturally in everyday conversations. Keep practicing, and donโt forget to pay attention to context and nuance!
If you enjoyed this lesson, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Donโt forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have about nouns.
Happy learning! ๐
-
100 Example Sentences of Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto) in Spanish | My Language Classes
Example Sentences of Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto) in Spanish
Reported speech, or estilo indirecto, is a key aspect of Spanish grammar that allows us to relay what someone else has said without quoting their exact words. Whether you’re sharing a conversation, recounting a story, or summarizing someone’s thoughts, mastering estilo indirecto is essential for effective communication in Spanish.
In this blog post, weโve compiled 100 example sentences of reported speech in Spanish. These examples cover a variety of contexts, including statements, questions, commands, and thoughts. Whether you’re a beginner or an advanced learner, these sentences will help you understand and practice estilo indirecto in real-life situations.
100 Example Sentences of Reported Speech in Spanish
Here are 100 example sentences of reported speech in Spanish, categorized by type (statements, questions, commands, and thoughts). Each sentence is accompanied by its English translation for clarity.
Statements (Declaraciones)
- Dijo que tenรญa hambre.
- He said he was hungry.
- Ella comentรณ que le gustaba el cafรฉ.
- She mentioned she liked coffee.
- Juan explicรณ que no podรญa venir.
- Juan explained he couldnโt come.
- Ellos aseguraron que terminarรญan el proyecto.
- They assured they would finish the project.
- Mi mamรก dijo que cocinarรญa la cena.
- My mom said she would cook dinner.
- El profesor explicรณ que el examen era difรญcil.
- The teacher explained that the exam was difficult.
- Dijeron que lloverรญa maรฑana.
- They said it would rain tomorrow.
- Ella afirmรณ que habรญa estudiado mucho.
- She claimed she had studied a lot.
- Carlos dijo que no sabรญa la respuesta.
- Carlos said he didnโt know the answer.
- Nos contaron que habรญan viajado a Espaรฑa.
- They told us they had traveled to Spain.
Questions (Preguntas)
- Me preguntรณ si querรญa cafรฉ.
- He asked me if I wanted coffee.
- Ella querรญa saber si habรญas terminado la tarea.
- She wanted to know if you had finished the homework.
- Preguntรณ cuรกndo llegarรญa el tren.
- He asked when the train would arrive.
- Me preguntaron dรณnde vivรญa.
- They asked me where I lived.
- Querรญa saber por quรฉ no habรญas llamado.
- He wanted to know why you hadnโt called.
- Preguntรณ si podรญa ayudarle.
- He asked if he could help her.
- Ella me preguntรณ si conocรญa a Marรญa.
- She asked me if I knew Marรญa.
- Querรญan saber cรณmo habรญa sido el viaje.
- They wanted to know how the trip had been.
- Preguntรณ quรฉ hora era.
- He asked what time it was.
- Me preguntรณ si habรญa visto la pelรญcula.
- He asked me if I had seen the movie.
Commands and Requests (รrdenes y Peticiones)
- Me pidiรณ que cerrara la puerta.
- He asked me to close the door.
- Ella me dijo que no hablara tan alto.
- She told me not to speak so loudly.
- El jefe me ordenรณ que terminara el informe.
- The boss ordered me to finish the report.
- Mi mamรก me pidiรณ que lavara los platos.
- My mom asked me to wash the dishes.
- Me sugiriรณ que descansara un poco.
- He suggested I rest a little.
- El profesor nos dijo que estudiรกramos mรกs.
- The teacher told us to study more.
- Me pidieron que les ayudara.
- They asked me to help them.
- Ella me dijo que no me preocupara.
- She told me not to worry.
- El mรฉdico me recomendรณ que bebiera mรกs agua.
- The doctor recommended I drink more water.
- Me pidiรณ que le llamara mรกs tarde.
- He asked me to call him later.
Thoughts and Feelings (Pensamientos y Sentimientos)
- Pensรฉ que no vendrรญas.
- I thought you wouldnโt come.
- Creรญ que era tarde.
- I thought it was late.
- Ella dijo que estaba cansada.
- She said she was tired.
- Me dijo que estaba feliz.
- He told me he was happy.
- Pensรฉ que no sabรญas la respuesta.
- I thought you didnโt know the answer.
- Creรญ que habรญas terminado.
- I thought you had finished.
- Ella dijo que tenรญa miedo.
- She said she was scared.
- Me contรณ que estaba emocionado.
- He told me he was excited.
- Pensรฉ que no te gustaba el cafรฉ.
- I thought you didnโt like coffee.
- Creรญ que no querรญas venir.
- I thought you didnโt want to come.
Mixed Examples (Ejemplos Variados)
- Dijo que no habรญa visto la pelรญcula.
- He said he hadnโt seen the movie.
- Ella me preguntรณ si habรญa ido al concierto.
- She asked me if I had gone to the concert.
- Me pidiรณ que le explicara el problema.
- He asked me to explain the problem to him.
- Pensรฉ que no habรญas recibido el mensaje.
- I thought you hadnโt received the message.
- Dijeron que no tenรญan tiempo.
- They said they didnโt have time.
- Me preguntรณ si podรญa prestarle dinero.
- He asked me if I could lend him money.
- Ella dijo que no querรญa ir.
- She said she didnโt want to go.
- Me pidieron que les contara la historia.
- They asked me to tell them the story.
- Pensรฉ que no te gustaba el helado.
- I thought you didnโt like ice cream.
- Dijo que no habรญa comido nada.
- He said he hadnโt eaten anything.
More Examples (Mรกs Ejemplos)
- Ella me dijo que no sabรญa nadar.
- She told me she didnโt know how to swim.
- Me preguntรณ si habรญa estado en Parรญs.
- He asked me if I had been to Paris.
- Dijo que no habรญa terminado el libro.
- He said he hadnโt finished the book.
- Ella me pidiรณ que le ayudara con la tarea.
- She asked me to help her with the homework.
- Pensรฉ que no habรญas entendido.
- I thought you hadnโt understood.
- Dijeron que no podรญan venir a la fiesta.
- They said they couldnโt come to the party.
- Me preguntรณ si habรญa visto a Juan.
- He asked me if I had seen Juan.
- Ella dijo que no querรญa hablar del tema.
- She said she didnโt want to talk about the subject.
- Me pidieron que les esperara.
- They asked me to wait for them.
- Pensรฉ que no te gustaba el fรบtbol.
- I thought you didnโt like soccer.
Complex Examples (Ejemplos Complejos)
- Dijo que no habรญa recibido el correo.
- He said he hadnโt received the email.
- Ella me preguntรณ si habรญa comprado el regalo.
- She asked me if I had bought the gift.
- Me pidiรณ que le explicara cรณmo funcionaba.
- He asked me to explain how it worked.
- Pensรฉ que no habรญas escuchado la noticia.
- I thought you hadnโt heard the news.
- Dijeron que no tenรญan suficiente dinero.
- They said they didnโt have enough money.
- Me preguntรณ si podรญa acompaรฑarle.
- He asked me if I could accompany him.
- Ella dijo que no querรญa salir.
- She said she didnโt want to go out.
- Me pidieron que les contara un chiste.
- They asked me to tell them a joke.
- Pensรฉ que no te gustaba el tรฉ.
- I thought you didnโt like tea.
- Dijo que no habรญa dormido bien.
- He said he hadnโt slept well.
Advanced Examples (Ejemplos Avanzados)
- Ella me dijo que no sabรญa quรฉ hacer.
- She told me she didnโt know what to do.
- Me preguntรณ si habรญa hablado con el jefe.
- He asked me if I had spoken to the boss.
- Dijo que no habรญa entendido la explicaciรณn.
- He said he hadnโt understood the explanation.
- Ella me pidiรณ que le enseรฑara a cocinar.
- She asked me to teach her how to cook.
- Pensรฉ que no habรญas visto el mensaje.
- I thought you hadnโt seen the message.
- Dijeron que no podรญan ayudarnos.
- They said they couldnโt help us.
- Me preguntรณ si habรญa terminado el informe.
- He asked me if I had finished the report.
- Ella dijo que no querรญa discutir.
- She said she didnโt want to argue.
- Me pidieron que les mostrara el camino.
- They asked me to show them the way.
- Pensรฉ que no te gustaba el queso.
- I thought you didnโt like cheese.
Final Examples (Ejemplos Finales)
- Dijo que no habรญa recibido la invitaciรณn.
- He said he hadnโt received the invitation.
- Ella me preguntรณ si habรญa reservado la mesa.
- She asked me if I had reserved the table.
- Me pidiรณ que le explicara por quรฉ estaba triste.
- He asked me to explain why I was sad.
- Pensรฉ que no habรญas entendido la pregunta.
- I thought you hadnโt understood the question.
- Dijeron que no tenรญan tiempo para ayudarnos.
- They said they didnโt have time to help us.
- Me preguntรณ si podรญa prestarle mi coche.
- He asked me if I could lend him my car.
- Ella dijo que no querรญa ir al cine.
- She said she didnโt want to go to the movies.
- Me pidieron que les contara mi experiencia.
- They asked me to tell them about my experience.
- Pensรฉ que no te gustaba el vino.
- I thought you didnโt like wine.
- Dijo que no habรญa comido desde la maรฑana.
- He said he hadnโt eaten since morning.
- Juan dijo que tenรญa mucha hambre.
- (Juan said that he was very hungry.)
- Marรญa comentรณ que habรญa viajado a Espaรฑa el aรฑo pasado.
- (Marรญa commented that she had traveled to Spain last year.)
- Pedro explicรณ que no podรญa asistir a la reuniรณn.
- (Pedro explained that he couldnโt attend the meeting.)
- Ana me dijo que comprarรญa un coche nuevo el prรณximo mes.
- (Ana told me that she would buy a new car next month.)
- El profesor mencionรณ que los estudiantes habรญan hecho un buen trabajo.
- (The teacher mentioned that the students had done a good job.)
- Mi madre me recordรณ que tenรญa que llevar un abrigo porque hacรญa frรญo.
- (My mother reminded me that I had to wear a coat because it was cold.)
- Carlos asegurรณ que habrรญa una fiesta el sรกbado.
- (Carlos assured that there would be a party on Saturday.)
- Sofรญa contรณ que habรญa visto una pelรญcula muy interesante.
- (Sofรญa said that she had seen a very interesting movie.)
- Ellos dijeron que llegarรญan tarde a la cena.
- (They said that they would arrive late to dinner.)
- El jefe anunciรณ que habrรญa cambios en la empresa.
- (The boss announced that there would be changes in the company.)
Conclusion
These 100 example sentences of reported speech in Spanish provide a comprehensive resource for understanding and practicing estilo indirecto. Whether you’re reporting statements, questions, commands, or thoughts, these examples will help you communicate more effectively in Spanish.
Keep practicing, and soon youโll be using estilo indirecto like a native speaker! ยกBuena suerte! (Good luck!)
If you found this guide helpful, Iโd love to hear from you! Share your thoughts in the comments below or connect with me on social media. For more tips, resources, and inspiration, visit my blog atย mylanguageclassesblog.wordpress.com. Follow on Instagram and subscribe on YouTube
- Dijo que tenรญa hambre.
-
Subordinate Clauses (Oraciones Subordinadas) in Spanish
Subordinate clauses, or oraciones subordinadas in Spanish, are an essential part of mastering the language. They allow you to express complex ideas by connecting a main clause with a dependent clause. In simpler terms, a subordinate clause cannot stand alone as a complete sentence; it relies on the main clause to give it meaning. Whether you’re describing a condition, providing a reason, or expressing time, subordinate clauses are your go-to tool for adding depth and nuance to your Spanish conversations and writing.
In this blog post, weโll explore everything you need to know about subordinate clauses in Spanish, including common expressions, conjugation rules, irregular verbs, and practical examples. By the end, youโll be able to use subordinate clauses confidently in your daily Spanish communication.
Common Expressions Using Subordinate Clauses
Subordinate clauses are often introduced by specific conjunctions or expressions. Hereโs a list of common ones used in everyday Spanish:
- Porque (because)
- Example: Estudio porque quiero aprender. (I study because I want to learn.)
- Aunque (although, even though)
- Example: Voy al parque aunque llueva. (Iโm going to the park even if it rains.)
- Si (if)
- Example: Si tengo tiempo, te llamarรฉ. (If I have time, Iโll call you.)
- Cuando (when)
- Example: Cuando llegues, avรญsame. (When you arrive, let me know.)
- Mientras (while)
- Example: Mientras cocino, escucho mรบsica. (While I cook, I listen to music.)
- Como (since, as)
- Example: Como no estudiaste, reprobaste. (Since you didnโt study, you failed.)
- Para que (so that)
- Example: Estudio mucho para que pueda aprobar. (I study a lot so that I can pass.)
- A menos que (unless)
- Example: No irรฉ a menos que tรบ vayas. (I wonโt go unless you go.)
- Despuรฉs de que (after)
- Example: Despuรฉs de que termines, llรกmame. (After you finish, call me.)
- Antes de que (before)
- Example: Llegarรฉ antes de que empiece la pelรญcula. (Iโll arrive before the movie starts.)
Things to Keep in Mind
When using subordinate clauses in Spanish, there are a few key points to remember:
- Verb Conjugation: The verb in the subordinate clause must agree with the subject and tense of the main clause.
- Example: Si tengo dinero, viajarรฉ. (If I have money, I will travel.)
- Subjunctive Mood: Some subordinate clauses require the subjunctive mood, especially when expressing doubt, uncertainty, or hypothetical situations.
- Example: Espero que vengas. (I hope you come.)
- Articles and Gender: Ensure that articles and adjectives agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify.
- Example: El libro que comprรฉ es interesante. (The book that I bought is interesting.)
- Plural Forms: Pay attention to plural forms when using subordinate clauses.
- Example: Los niรฑos que juegan son felices. (The children who play are happy.)
- Punctuation: In Spanish, subordinate clauses are often separated by commas when they precede the main clause.
- Example: Cuando llegues, avรญsame. (When you arrive, let me know.)
When to Use Subordinate Clauses
Subordinate clauses are used in various situations, including:
- Expressing Cause or Reason:
- No fui a la fiesta porque estaba cansado. (I didnโt go to the party because I was tired.)
- Describing Conditions:
- Si estudias, aprobarรกs. (If you study, youโll pass.)
- Indicating Time:
- Cuando termine, te llamarรฉ. (When I finish, Iโll call you.)
- Expressing Purpose:
- Estudio para que pueda conseguir un buen trabajo. (I study so that I can get a good job.)
- Showing Contrast:
- Aunque hace frรญo, voy a salir. (Even though itโs cold, Iโm going out.)
Conjugation
Regular Verbs
Subordinate clauses can be formed with regular verbs in Spanish. Hereโs how to conjugate them in the present tense:
- -AR Verbs (e.g., hablar)
- Yo hablo
- Tรบ hablas
- รl/Ella/Usted habla
- Nosotros hablamos
- Vosotros hablรกis
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes hablan
- -ER Verbs (e.g., comer)
- Yo como
- Tรบ comes
- รl/Ella/Usted come
- Nosotros comemos
- Vosotros comรฉis
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes comen
- -IR Verbs (e.g., vivir)
- Yo vivo
- Tรบ vives
- รl/Ella/Usted vive
- Nosotros vivimos
- Vosotros vivรญs
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes viven
Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs in subordinate clauses follow unique conjugation patterns. Here are some common irregular verbs and their conjugations:
- Ser (to be)
- Yo soy
- Tรบ eres
- รl/Ella/Usted es
- Nosotros somos
- Vosotros sois
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes son
- Ir (to go)
- Yo voy
- Tรบ vas
- รl/Ella/Usted va
- Nosotros vamos
- Vosotros vais
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes van
- Tener (to have)
- Yo tengo
- Tรบ tienes
- รl/Ella/Usted tiene
- Nosotros tenemos
- Vosotros tenรฉis
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes tienen
Regular Verbs in Subordinate Clauses: Examples
Verb Example Sentence 1 Meaning Example Sentence 2 Meaning Hablar Espero que hables con รฉl. I hope you talk to him. Cuando hables, sรฉ claro. When you speak, be clear. Comer Quiero que comas sano. I want you to eat healthy. Si comes mucho, te sentirรกs mal. If you eat too much, youโll feel sick. Vivir Espero que vivas feliz. I hope you live happily. Cuando vivas aquรญ, lo entenderรกs. When you live here, youโll understand. Estudiar A menos que estudies, no aprobarรกs. Unless you study, you wonโt pass. Estudio para que pueda aprender. I study so that I can learn. Trabajar Cuando trabajes, sรฉ responsable. When you work, be responsible. Trabajo para que mi familia tenga todo. I work so that my family has everything. Escribir Espero que escribas una carta. I hope you write a letter. Si escribes bien, te publicarรกn. If you write well, theyโll publish you. Leer Quiero que leas este libro. I want you to read this book. Cuando leas, comprenderรกs. When you read, youโll understand. Correr A menos que corras, no llegarรกs. Unless you run, you wonโt arrive. Corro para que pueda mantenerme en forma. I run so that I can stay in shape. Bailar Espero que bailes conmigo. I hope you dance with me. Si bailas bien, te felicitarรกn. If you dance well, theyโll congratulate you. Cantar Quiero que cantes en la fiesta. I want you to sing at the party. Cuando cantes, todos te escucharรกn. When you sing, everyone will listen to you.
More Example Sentences
- Espero que vengas a la reuniรณn. (I hope you come to the meeting.)
- Si llueve, no iremos al parque. (If it rains, we wonโt go to the park.)
- Aunque estรฉ cansado, terminarรฉ el trabajo. (Even though Iโm tired, Iโll finish the work.)
- Cuando llegues, avรญsame. (When you arrive, let me know.)
- Estudio mucho para que pueda aprobar. (I study a lot so that I can pass.)
- No irรฉ a menos que tรบ vayas. (I wonโt go unless you go.)
- Despuรฉs de que termines, llรกmame. (After you finish, call me.)
- Llegarรฉ antes de que empiece la pelรญcula. (Iโll arrive before the movie starts.)
- Como no estudiaste, reprobaste. (Since you didnโt study, you failed.)
- Mientras cocino, escucho mรบsica. (While I cook, I listen to music.)
Fill in the Blanks
- Espero que _______ (venir) a la fiesta.
- Si _______ (tener) tiempo, te ayudarรฉ.
- Aunque _______ (estar) cansado, irรฉ.
- Cuando _______ (llegar), avรญsame.
- Estudio para que _______ (poder) aprobar.
- No irรฉ a menos que tรบ _______ (ir).
- Despuรฉs de que _______ (terminar), llรกmame.
- Llegarรฉ antes de que _______ (empezar) la pelรญcula.
- Como no _______ (estudiar), reprobaste.
- Mientras _______ (cocinar), escucho mรบsica.
Answers:
- vengas
- tienes
- estรฉ
- llegues
- pueda
- vayas
- termines
- empiece
- estudiaste
- cocino
Conclusion
Mastering subordinate clauses in Spanish opens up a world of possibilities for expressing complex ideas and emotions. By understanding the rules of conjugation, recognizing common expressions, and practicing regularly, youโll soon find yourself usingย oraciones subordinadasย with ease. Whether youโre writing, speaking, or simply trying to understand native speakers, this guide will help you navigate the intricacies of Spanish grammar.
ยกBuena suerte! (Good luck!)
If you enjoyed this lesson, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Donโt forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have about nouns.
Happy learning! ๐
- 100 Spanish Example Sentences
- 100 Spanish Fill-in-the-Blanks Exercises
- 100 Spanish Vocabulary Lists
- Spanish โ Advanced
- Spanish โ Beginner
- Spanish โ Intermediate
- Porque (because)
-
Correlative Conjunctions in English
Correlative conjunctions are an essential part of English grammar, used to connect words, phrases, or clauses that have equal importance within a sentence. They always come in pairs, and their proper usage can significantly enhance the clarity and flow of your writing.
In this blog post, weโll explore the definition, usage, and examples of correlative conjunctions, along with practical tips to master them.
What Are Correlative Conjunctions?
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together to join sentence elements of equal grammatical value. They are used to show a relationship between two ideas, emphasize contrasts, or present alternatives. The most common correlative conjunctions include:
- Both…and
- Either…or
- Neither…nor
- Not only…but also
- Whether…or
- As…as
- No sooner…than
- Rather…than
- Such…that
- Scarcely…when
These pairs are inseparable and must be used together to maintain grammatical correctness.
When and How to Use Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are used in various situations to connect ideas, emphasize relationships, or present choices. Below is a list of situations where they are commonly used:
- To show addition or inclusion:
- Both…and is used to emphasize that two ideas or items are included.
Example: Both the teacher and the students were excited about the field trip.
- Both…and is used to emphasize that two ideas or items are included.
- To present alternatives:
- Either…or and whether…or are used to present two options or possibilities.
Example: You can either stay home or come with us.
- Either…or and whether…or are used to present two options or possibilities.
- To express negation or exclusion:
- Neither…nor is used to indicate that neither of the two options is true or applicable.
Example: Neither the cat nor the dog was in the house.
- Neither…nor is used to indicate that neither of the two options is true or applicable.
- To emphasize contrast or surprise:
- Not only…but also is used to highlight two ideas, often with an element of surprise.
Example: She is not only intelligent but also very kind.
- Not only…but also is used to highlight two ideas, often with an element of surprise.
- To compare similarities:
- As…as is used to show equality in comparison.
Example: He is as tall as his brother.
- As…as is used to show equality in comparison.
- To indicate time relationships:
- No sooner…than and scarcely…when are used to show that one action follows another immediately.
Example: No sooner had she left than it started raining.
- No sooner…than and scarcely…when are used to show that one action follows another immediately.
- To express preference:
- Rather…than is used to show a preference for one option over another.
Example: I would rather walk than take the bus.
- Rather…than is used to show a preference for one option over another.
- To show cause and effect:
- Such…that is used to emphasize the result of something.
Example: It was such a beautiful day that we decided to go hiking.
- Such…that is used to emphasize the result of something.
List of Correlative Conjunctions with Examples
Hereโs a table of common correlative conjunctions with two example sentences for each:
Correlative Conjunction Example Sentences Both…and Both the movie and the book were fascinating. She is both a talented singer and a skilled dancer. Either…or You can either have tea or coffee. Either John or Sarah will lead the meeting. Neither…nor Neither the teacher nor the students knew the answer. He neither called nor texted me. Not only…but also She is not only a great writer but also an excellent speaker. Not only did he finish the project, but he also did it ahead of schedule. Whether…or I canโt decide whether to go to the party or stay home. Whether it rains or shines, the event will take place. As…as She is as talented as her sister. This book is as interesting as the one I read last week. No sooner…than No sooner had we arrived than the show started. No sooner did he finish his meal than he left the table. Rather…than I would rather read a book than watch TV. He chose to walk rather than drive. Such…that It was such a hot day that we decided to go swimming. She is such a good cook that everyone loves her food. Scarcely…when Scarcely had I entered the room when the phone rang. Scarcely had the meeting started when the power went out.
More Example Sentences
- Both the cake and the cookies were delicious.
- Either you apologize or face the consequences.
- Neither the manager nor the employees were satisfied with the decision.
- Not only did she complete the assignment, but she also helped her classmates.
- Whether you like it or not, we have to finish this project today.
- He is as brave as a lion.
- No sooner had the train left than we realized we missed it.
- I would rather study than go out tonight.
- It was such a difficult exam that many students failed.
- Scarcely had the movie begun when the fire alarm went off.
Fill in the Blanks
- ______ the teacher ______ the students were aware of the surprise test.
- You can ______ take the bus ______ walk to the station.
- ______ did she finish her homework ______ she started watching TV.
- He is ______ a good athlete ______ a brilliant student.
- ______ it rains ______ shines, the match will continue.
- She is ______ tall ______ her brother.
- ______ had I reached the office ______ the meeting began.
- I would ______ read a book ______ watch a movie.
- It was ______ a boring lecture ______ I fell asleep.
- ______ the cat ______ the dog was responsible for the mess.
Answers:
- Both…and
- Either…or
- No sooner…than
- Not only…but also
- Whether…or
- As…as
- Scarcely…when
- Rather…than
- Such…that
- Neither…nor
Things to Keep in Mind
- Balance is key: Ensure that the elements connected by correlative conjunctions are parallel in structure.
Example: She not only likes to read but also to write. (Correct)
She not only likes reading but also to write. (Incorrect) - Donโt split the pairs: Correlative conjunctions must always be used together.
Example: Either you come with us, or you stay here. (Correct)
Either you come with us, you stay here. (Incorrect) - Avoid double negatives: When using neither…nor, ensure the sentence doesnโt have another negative word.
Example: He neither eats meat nor drinks alcohol. (Correct)
He doesnโt neither eat meat nor drink alcohol. (Incorrect) - Use appropriate verb agreement: When using either…or or neither…nor, the verb agrees with the subject closest to it.
Example: Neither the students nor the teacher was present. (Correct)
Neither the students nor the teacher were present. (Incorrect)
Conclusion
Correlative conjunctions are powerful tools in English grammar that help connect ideas, emphasize relationships, and create balanced sentences. By understanding their usage and practicing with examples, you can enhance your writing and communication skills. Remember to maintain parallelism, avoid splitting the pairs, and use proper verb agreement. With consistent practice, youโll master the art of using correlative conjunctions effectively.
If you enjoyed this lesson, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Donโt forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have about nouns.
Happy learning! ๐
-
Understanding ใใใจใใใ in Japanese | My Language Classes
Understanding ใใใจใใใ
In Japanese, the phrase ใใใจใใใ (koto ga aru) is a versatile and commonly used expression that allows speakers to talk about past experiences or situations that have occurred at least once. It translates roughly to “have done something” or “there are times when…” in English. This structure is essential for anyone looking to express experiences, habits, or occasional events in Japanese. Whether you’re a beginner or an advanced learner, mastering ใใใจใใใ will significantly enhance your conversational and writing skills.
In this blog post, weโll break down the formation, usage, and nuances of ใใใจใใใ. Weโll also provide plenty of examples and practice questions to help you get comfortable with this grammar point.
Formation of ใใใจใใใ
The formation of ใใใจใใใ depends on the type of word it follows: verbs, nouns, or adjectives. Letโs explore each one.
1. With Verbs
When used with verbs, ใใใจใใใ follows the past tense (ta-form) of the verb. This structure is used to express that someone has experienced something at least once in their life.
- Formation: Verb (ใ-form) + ใใจใใใ
Example:
้ฃในใ (taberu) โ ้ฃในใ (tabeta) โ ้ฃในใใใจใใใ (tabeta koto ga aru)
Meaning: “I have eaten (it) before.”
2. With Nouns
When used with nouns, ใใใจใใใ is paired with the particle ใฎ to indicate that something has happened or exists.
- Formation: Noun + ใฎ + ใใจใใใ
Example:
ๆ ่ก (ryokou) โ ๆ ่กใฎใใจใใใ (ryokou no koto ga aru)
Meaning: “There are times when I travel.”
3. With Adjectives
When used with adjectives, ใใใจใใใ follows the adjective in its plain form. This structure is used to describe situations or feelings that have occurred.
- Formation:
- ใ-adjectives: ใ-adjective + ใใจใใใ
Example:
ๆฅฝใใ (tanoshii) โ ๆฅฝใใใใจใใใ (tanoshii koto ga aru)
Meaning: “There are times when itโs fun.” - ใช-adjectives: ใช-adjective + ใช + ใใจใใใ
Example:
้ใ (shizuka) โ ้ใใชใใจใใใ (shizuka na koto ga aru)
Meaning: “There are times when itโs quiet.”
- ใ-adjectives: ใ-adjective + ใใจใใใ
Usage of ใใใจใใใ
The ใใใจใใใ form is used in various situations to express experiences, habits, or occasional events. Here are some common scenarios:
- Talking about past experiences:
- ๆฅๆฌใซ่กใฃใใใจใใใใ
(Nihon ni itta koto ga aru.)
“I have been to Japan before.”
- ๆฅๆฌใซ่กใฃใใใจใใใใ
- Describing occasional events:
- ้จใ้ใใใจใใใใ
(Ame ga furu koto ga aru.)
“It sometimes rains.”
- ้จใ้ใใใจใใใใ
- Expressing habits or tendencies:
- ๅค้
ใใพใง่ตทใใฆใใใใจใใใใ
(Yoru osoku made okite iru koto ga aru.)
“There are times when I stay up late at night.”
- ๅค้
ใใพใง่ตทใใฆใใใใจใใใใ
- Talking about rare occurrences:
- ๅฝผใๆใใใจใใใใ
(Kare ga okoru koto ga aru.)
“He sometimes gets angry.”
- ๅฝผใๆใใใจใใใใ
- Describing feelings or emotions:
- ๅฏใใใใจใใใใ
(Sabishii koto ga aru.)
“There are times when I feel lonely.”
- ๅฏใใใใจใใใใ
List of Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives with ใใใจใใใ
Hereโs a table with examples of verbs, nouns, and adjectives used with ใใใจใใใ:
Type Word ใใใจใใใ Form Example Sentence (Romaji) Meaning in English Verb ่ฆใ (miru) ่ฆใใใจใใใ (mita koto ga aru) ใใฎๆ ็ปใ่ฆใใใจใใใใ (Sono eiga o mita koto ga aru.) “I have seen that movie before.” ่กใ (iku) ่กใฃใใใจใใใ (itta koto ga aru) ไบฌ้ฝใซ่กใฃใใใจใใใใ (Kyoto ni itta koto ga aru.) “I have been to Kyoto before.” Noun ๅคข (yume) ๅคขใฎใใจใใใ (yume no koto ga aru) ๆใๅคขใฎใใจใใใใ (Kowai yume no koto ga aru.) “There are times when I have scary dreams.” ไบๆ (jiko) ไบๆ ใฎใใจใใใ (jiko no koto ga aru) ๅคงใใชไบๆ ใฎใใจใใใใ (Ookina jiko no koto ga aru.) “There are times when big accidents happen.” ใ-Adj ๆใ (atsui) ๆใใใจใใใ (atsui koto ga aru) ๅคใฏๆใใใจใใใใ (Natsu wa atsui koto ga aru.) “There are times when itโs hot in summer.” ๅฏใ (samui) ๅฏใใใจใใใ (samui koto ga aru) ๅฌใฏๅฏใใใจใใใใ (Fuyu wa samui koto ga aru.) “There are times when itโs cold in winter.” ใช-Adj ไพฟๅฉ (benri) ไพฟๅฉใชใใจใใใ (benri na koto ga aru) ใใฎใขใใชใฏไพฟๅฉใชใใจใใใใ (Kono apuri wa benri na koto ga aru.) “There are times when this app is convenient.” ๅฑ้บ (kiken) ๅฑ้บใชใใจใใใ (kiken na koto ga aru) ๅฑฑ็ปใใฏๅฑ้บใชใใจใใใใ (Yamanobori wa kiken na koto ga aru.) “There are times when mountain climbing is dangerous.”
More Example Sentences
Here are 10 additional example sentences using ใใใจใใใ:
- ๅฝผๅฅณใจ่ฉฑใใใใจใใใใ
(Kanojo to hanashita koto ga aru.)
“I have talked to her before.” - ใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใง้ฃไบใใใใใจใใใใ
(Kono resutoran de shokuji o shita koto ga aru.)
“I have eaten at this restaurant before.” - ้ชใ้ใใใจใใใใ
(Yuki ga furu koto ga aru.)
“It sometimes snows.” - ๅฝผใฏ้
ๅปใใใใจใใใใ
(Kare wa chikoku suru koto ga aru.)
“He is sometimes late.” - ใใฎๆฌใ่ชญใใ ใใจใใใใ
(Kono hon o yonda koto ga aru.)
“I have read this book before.” - ๆ
่กไธญใซ่ฟทๅญใซใชใฃใใใจใใใใ
(Ryokou-chuu ni maigo ni natta koto ga aru.)
“I have gotten lost during a trip before.” - ใใฎๆญใ่ใใใใจใใใใ
(Kono uta o kiita koto ga aru.)
“I have heard this song before.” - ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆณฃใใใจใใใใ
(Kanojo wa naku koto ga aru.)
“She sometimes cries.” - ใใฎ้ใ้ใฃใใใจใใใใ
(Kono michi o tootta koto ga aru.)
“I have taken this road before.” - ่ฉฆ้จใซๅคฑๆใใใใจใใใใ
(Shiken ni shippai shita koto ga aru.)
“I have failed an exam before.”
Things to Keep in Mind
- Tense: ใใใจใใใ is always used in the present tense, even when referring to past experiences.
Example: ๆฅๆฌใซ่กใฃใใใจใใใใ (Not ่กใฃใใใจใใใฃใใ) - Negation: To say “I have never done something,” use ใใใจใใชใ.
Example: ๆฅๆฌใซ่กใฃใใใจใใชใใ (Nihon ni itta koto ga nai.)
“I have never been to Japan.” - Frequency: ใใใจใใใ implies that the event or experience is occasional, not regular.
- Politeness: In formal situations, use ใใใจใใใใพใ instead of ใใใจใใใ.
Fill in the Blanks
Verbs
- ๅฝผใฏ______ใใใใ(ๆใ)
Answer: ๅฝผใฏๆใใใจใใใใ
(Kare wa okoru koto ga aru.)
“He sometimes gets angry.” - ใใฎๆ ็ปใ______ใใใใ(่ฆใ)
Answer: ใใฎๆ ็ปใ่ฆใใใจใใใใ
(Kono eiga o mita koto ga aru.)
“I have seen this movie before.” - ้จใ______ใใใใ(้ใ)
Answer: ้จใ้ใใใจใใใใ
(Ame ga furu koto ga aru.)
“It sometimes rains.” - ๅฝผๅฅณใจ______ใใใใ(่ฉฑใ)
Answer: ๅฝผๅฅณใจ่ฉฑใใใใจใใใใ
(Kanojo to hanashita koto ga aru.)
“I have talked to her before.” - ใใฎๆฌใ______ใใใใ(่ชญใ)
Answer: ใใฎๆฌใ่ชญใใ ใใจใใใใ
(Kono hon o yonda koto ga aru.)
“I have read this book before.”
Nouns
- ๆ
่กไธญใซ่ฟทๅญใซ______ใใใใ(ใชใ)
Answer: ๆ ่กไธญใซ่ฟทๅญใซใชใฃใใใจใใใใ
(Ryokou-chuu ni maigo ni natta koto ga aru.)
“I have gotten lost during a trip before.” - ใใฎๆญใ______ใใใใ(่ใ)
Answer: ใใฎๆญใ่ใใใใจใใใใ
(Kono uta o kiita koto ga aru.)
“I have heard this song before.”
Adjectives
- ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ______ใใใใ(ๆณฃใ)
Answer: ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆณฃใใใจใใใใ
(Kanojo wa naku koto ga aru.)
“She sometimes cries.” - ใใฎ้ใ______ใใใใ(้ใ)
Answer: ใใฎ้ใ้ใฃใใใจใใใใ
(Kono michi o tootta koto ga aru.)
“I have taken this road before.” - ่ฉฆ้จใซ______ใใใใ(ๅคฑๆ)
Answer: ่ฉฆ้จใซๅคฑๆใใใใจใใใใ
(Shiken ni shippai shita koto ga aru.)
“I have failed an exam before.”
Conclusion
Mastering ใใใจใใใ is a key step in becoming fluent in Japanese. It allows you to express experiences, habits, and occasional events with ease. By understanding its formation and usage, youโll be able to communicate more effectively and naturally. Practice the examples and fill-in-the-blank questions provided in this blog, and soon youโll be using ใใใจใใใ like a pro!
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Happy learning! ๐
- Formation: Verb (ใ-form) + ใใจใใใ