Tag: Japanese beginner grammar

  • Using 〜によると in Japanese | My Language Classes

    Using 〜によると in Japanese | My Language Classes

    〜によると in Japanese

    Have you ever come across the phrase 〜によると in Japanese and wondered what it really means or how to use it naturally in conversation? Whether you’re watching a Japanese news report, reading a weather forecast, or chatting with native speakers, 〜によると is one of those powerful, everyday grammar expressions that pops up again and again. And if you’re aiming to sound more natural and fluent in Japanese, learning how to use 〜によると the right way is a must!

    In this ultimate beginner-to-advanced guide, we’ll dive deep into everything you need to know about

    〜によると. You’ll learn how to use it correctly, where it fits in real-life situations, how to avoid common mistakes, and how to make your Japanese sound more native-like.

    An infographic with example sentences demonstrating the use of the Japanese grammar pattern 〜によると (meaning 'according to'). It includes four Japanese sentences with hiragana, romaji, and English translations. Sources used in the examples include the news, newspaper, teacher, and friend, showing how 〜によると introduces information from a third party.

    By the end of this guide, you’ll confidently know:

    • When and where to use 〜によると
    • How to use it with verbs, nouns, and adjectives
    • The grammar rules and exceptions that come with it
    • Real-world examples and practice exercises to boost your learning

    Whether you’re just starting out or preparing for the JLPT, this guide is for you. Let’s get started on mastering 〜によると — your new favorite grammar tool in Japanese!

    👉 Don’t forget to check out more useful Japanese grammar lessons on our blog at My Language Classes and follow us on Instagram and YouTube for daily learning tips!


    Common Expressions: 10 Sentences Using 〜によると in Real Life

    The phrase 〜によると is a powerful and useful structure in Japanese, and it helps convey information from sources or reports. It’s frequently used in news, casual conversations, and storytelling. Here are 10 real-life examples of how you can use 〜によると naturally in sentences:

    1. 天気予報によると、明日は雨が降るそうです。
      Tenki yohou ni yoru to, ashita wa ame ga furu sou desu.
      According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
    2. 新聞によると、今年の夏は非常に暑くなると言われています。
      Shinbun ni yoru to, kotoshi no natsu wa hijou ni atsuku naru to iwareteimasu.
      According to the newspaper, this summer is expected to be extremely hot.
    3. 友達によると、あのレストランはとても美味しいそうです。
      Tomodachi ni yoru to, ano resutoran wa totemo oishii sou desu.
      According to my friend, that restaurant is very delicious.
    4. 先生によると、このテストは簡単だそうです。
      Sensei ni yoru to, kono tesuto wa kantan da sou desu.
      According to the teacher, this test is easy.
    5. ウェブサイトによると、今週末はイベントがあるらしいです。
      Webusaito ni yoru to, konshuumatsu wa ibento ga aru rashii desu.
      According to the website, there will be an event this weekend.
    6. テレビのニュースによると、交通渋滞がひどいそうです。
      Terebi no nyuusu ni yoru to, koutsuu juutai ga hidoi sou desu.
      According to the TV news, the traffic congestion is terrible.
    7. 友達の話によると、彼は最近引っ越しました。
      Tomodachi no hanashi ni yoru to, kare wa saikin hikkoshimashita.
      According to my friend’s story, he recently moved.
    8. 専門家によると、この方法は効果的だと言われています。
      Senmonka ni yoru to, kono houhou wa kouka teki da to iwareteimasu.
      According to the experts, this method is said to be effective.
    9. 警察によると、この地域では最近犯罪が増加しているそうです。
      Keisatsu ni yoru to, kono chiiki de wa saikin hanzai ga zouka shiteiru sou desu.
      According to the police, crime has been increasing in this area recently.
    10. インターネットによると、この映画は大ヒットしているそうです。
      Inta-netto ni yoru to, kono eiga wa dai hitto shiteiru sou desu.
      According to the internet, this movie is a big hit.

    These examples cover a range of situations from news reports to casual conversations. You’ll see that 〜によると is a fantastic way to express “according to” or “based on” a source.


    Usage: When to Use 〜によると in Japanese

    The expression 〜によると is a versatile and commonly used phrase in Japanese. It indicates the source of information or the basis for a statement. Here are the main situations in which 〜によると is typically used:

    1. To Mention Sources of Information (News, Reports, or Studies)
      • Example:
        ニュースによると、来週大きな台風が来るそうです。
        Nyūsu ni yoru to, raishuu ookina taifuu ga kuru sou desu.
        According to the news, a big typhoon is coming next week.
      • Usage: When you are referring to news reports, studies, or anything that provides factual information or statistics.
    2. To Share Information from a Reliable Source
      • Example:
        先生によると、この本はとても役に立つそうです。
        Sensei ni yoru to, kono hon wa totemo yaku ni tatsu sou desu.
        According to the teacher, this book is very useful.
      • Usage: When you want to relay information from a knowledgeable person like a teacher, expert, or professional.
    3. To Refer to Opinion or Knowledge from a Friend or Acquaintance
      • Example:
        友達によると、このレストランは人気があるそうです。
        Tomodachi ni yoru to, kono resutoran wa ninki ga aru sou desu.
        According to my friend, this restaurant is popular.
      • Usage: When you are sharing what your friends or acquaintances have told you.
    4. To Quote Official Reports or Studies
      • Example:
        専門家によると、この病気の予防には運動が効果的だそうです。
        Senmonka ni yoru to, kono byouki no yobou ni wa undou ga kouka teki da sou desu.
        According to the experts, exercise is effective in preventing this disease.
      • Usage: When quoting findings from scientific studies, research, or expert advice.
    5. To Refer to Something Heard on TV or Radio
      • Example:
        ラジオによると、今夜は雪が降るそうです。
        Rajio ni yoru to, konya wa yuki ga furu sou desu.
        According to the radio, it will snow tonight.
      • Usage: When you are mentioning information that was broadcast on TV or radio.
    6. To Reference Information from Written Texts (Books, Articles, Blogs, etc.)
      • Example:
        インターネットによると、この映画は面白いらしいです。
        Intānetto ni yoru to, kono eiga wa omoshiroi rashii desu.
        According to the internet, this movie is interesting.
      • Usage: When the information comes from written sources like books, websites, or articles.
    7. To Mention the Source of a Rumor or Gossip
      • Example:
        うわさによると、彼は来週引っ越すそうです。
        Uwasa ni yoru to, kare wa raishuu hikkosu sou desu.
        According to the rumor, he is moving next week.
      • Usage: When you are quoting hearsay or gossip, 〜によると works well to express that this is not confirmed information.
    8. To Relay Information from a Document or Written Announcement
      • Example:
        会社の通知によると、来月から新しい規則が適用されるそうです。
        Kaisha no tsuuchi ni yoru to, raigetsu kara atarashii kisoku ga tekiyou sareru sou desu.
        According to the company’s notice, new regulations will be applied next month.
      • Usage: When the information is found in formal documents, official notices, or announcements.
    9. To Share Information from a Specific Event or Occasion
      • Example:
        会議によると、新しいプロジェクトは来月始まるそうです。
        Kaigi ni yoru to, atarashii purojekuto wa raigetsu hajimaru sou desu.
        According to the meeting, the new project will start next month.
      • Usage: When you are referring to information from a specific meeting or event.
    10. To Express What Someone Else Has Seen, Heard, or Experienced
      • Example:
        目撃者によると、事故は午後3時頃に起こったそうです。
        Mokugekisha ni yoru to, jiko wa gogo san-ji goro ni okotta sou desu.
        According to the eyewitness, the accident occurred around 3 PM.
      • Usage: When you are reporting firsthand information from someone who has witnessed or experienced an event.

    In these various situations, 〜によると is a useful and flexible tool for presenting the source of information. Whether it’s a casual conversation or a formal report, knowing when to use this expression will help you sound more natural and fluent in Japanese.


    Conjugation: How to Use 〜によると with Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives

    The expression 〜によると is very flexible, and knowing how to use it with different parts of speech—verbs, nouns, and adjectives—will make your Japanese sound more natural. Let’s dive into each case with visual clarity.


    1. Using 〜によると with Verbs

    When using 〜によると with verbs, simply take the plain form (dictionary form) of the verb and add “によると” after it.

    • Verb (plain form) + によると

    Example Sentences:

    • 先生によると、来週テストがあるそうです。
      (Sensei ni yoru to, raishuu tesuto ga aru sou desu.)
      According to the teacher, there will be a test next week.
    • 専門家によると、この薬は効果があると言われています。
      (Senmonka ni yoru to, kono kusuri wa kouka ga aru to iwareteimasu.)
      According to the experts, this medicine is said to be effective.
    Explanation:
    • In these examples, the verb (ある, いわれている) is in its plain form (dictionary form), followed by 〜によると.
    • There’s no special conjugation needed for the verb when using this structure.

    2. Using 〜によると with Nouns

    With nouns, the source word is followed by “による” and then “と” is added to complete the phrase.

    • Noun + によると

    Example Sentences:

    • 新聞によると、来月新しい法律が施行されるそうです。
      (Shinbun ni yoru to, raigetsu atarashii houritsu ga shikou sareru sou desu.)
      According to the newspaper, a new law will be enforced next month.
    • インターネットによると、この商品は人気があるそうです。
      (Intānetto ni yoru to, kono shouhin wa ninki ga aru sou desu.)
      According to the internet, this product is popular.
    Explanation:
    • The noun (新聞, インターネット) acts as the source of the information.
    • By adding “によると” after the noun, we indicate where the information is coming from.

    3. Using 〜によると with Adjectives

    With adjectives, no change is needed in the adjective itself. Simply use the plain form of the adjective, then add “によると” to indicate the source.

    • Adjective (plain form) + によると

    Example Sentences:

    • 天気予報によると、明日は暖かいそうです。
      (Tenki yohou ni yoru to, ashita wa atatakai sou desu.)
      According to the weather forecast, tomorrow will be warm.
    • ラジオによると、今日は暑いと言われています。
      (Rajio ni yoru to, kyou wa atsui to iwareteimasu.)
      According to the radio, today is said to be hot.
    Explanation:
    • The adjective (暖かい, 暑い) remains in its plain form.
    • 〜によると is added at the end to show where the information is coming from.

    Summary of Conjugation Rules:

    • Verbs:
      Use the plain form of the verb (dictionary form) + 〜によると.
      (No special conjugation required.)
    • Nouns:
      Noun + “による” + “と”.
    • Adjectives:
      Use the plain form of the adjective + 〜によると.
      (No special conjugation needed for adjectives either.)

    This simple visual breakdown will help you understand how to apply 〜によると with different parts of speech in various contexts. Now you’re ready to use it naturally in your Japanese conversations!


    Grammar Rules for Using 〜によると

    In this section, we will cover all the essential grammar rules and guidelines for using 〜によると This phrase is commonly used in Japanese to convey information from a source, and it’s important to understand the correct way to use it in different contexts. Let’s explore the grammar rules in detail.


    1. Basic Structure of 〜によると

    The structure for 〜によると is simple and straightforward, but there are a few key things to keep in mind:

    • Source + によると
      • The source can be anything—like a person, a book, a website, a report, etc.
      • After the source, add によると to indicate that the information is coming from that particular source.

    Example Sentences:

    • テレビによると、今夜は雨が降るそうです。
      (Terebi ni yoru to, konya wa ame ga furu sou desu.)
      According to the TV, it is going to rain tonight.
    • 友達によると、あのレストランはおいしいそうです。
      (Tomodachi ni yoru to, ano resutoran wa oishii sou desu.)
      According to my friend, that restaurant is delicious.

    Explanation:

    • テレビ (TV) and 友達 (friend) are the sources of information. 〜によると shows that the information is coming from them.

    2. How to Use 〜によると with Different Types of Information

    〜によると can be used to convey different types of information, such as facts, rumors, or opinions. It’s versatile and works in various situations.

    • Fact: When you’re quoting a factual piece of information.
      • Example:
        新聞によると、会社が新しい製品を発表するそうです。
        (Shinbun ni yoru to, kaisha ga atarashii seihin wo happyou suru sou desu.)
        According to the newspaper, the company will announce a new product.
    • Rumor or Speculation: When you’re talking about something that is rumored or not confirmed.
      • Example:
        彼によると、彼女はもうすぐ結婚するそうです。
        (Kare ni yoru to, kanojo wa mousugu kekkon suru sou desu.)
        According to him, she is getting married soon.
    • Opinion: When you are expressing someone’s opinion or belief.
      • Example:
        先生によると、この本は非常に役立つと言われています。
        (Sensei ni yoru to, kono hon wa hijou ni yakudatsu to iwareteimasu.)
        According to the teacher, this book is said to be very helpful.

    Explanation:

    • Whether it’s a fact, a rumor, or an opinion, 〜によると works in each of these situations to indicate where the information is coming from.

    3. The Use of 〜によると with Different Tenses

    While 〜によると itself doesn’t change based on tense, the verb or adjective after it will be conjugated according to the tense you want to use.

    • Present Tense:
      • Example:
        彼女によると、今週の天気は良いそうです。
        (Kanojo ni yoru to, konshuu no tenki wa ii sou desu.)
        According to her, the weather this week is good.
    • Past Tense:
      • Example:
        先生によると、彼は試験に合格したそうです。
        (Sensei ni yoru to, kare wa shiken ni goukaku shita sou desu.)
        According to the teacher, he passed the exam.
    • Future Tense:
      • Example:
        天気予報によると、明日は雪が降るそうです。
        (Tenki yohou ni yoru to, ashita wa yuki ga furu sou desu.)
        According to the weather forecast, it is going to snow tomorrow.

    Explanation:

    • The tense of the verb (良い, 合格した, 降る) changes based on the timing of the event or action being reported. The phrase 〜によると itself does not change.

    4. The Use of 〜によると with the Word “そうです”

    The phrase “そうです” is often used with 〜によると to show that the information is hearsay or reported speech. It’s commonly used to indicate that the information comes from someone else, and not directly from the speaker’s experience.

    • Example:
      ニュースによると、来月新しい映画が公開されるそうです。
      (Nyūsu ni yoru to, raigetsu atarashii eiga ga koukai sareru sou desu.)
      According to the news, a new movie will be released next month.

    Explanation:

    • “そうです” after the verb or adjective helps clarify that the speaker is reporting what they’ve heard, rather than stating it as a direct fact.

    Summary of Grammar Rules:

    • Formal Usage: This expression is used in formal or neutral situations, so use alternatives for informal conversations.
    • Basic Structure: Source + によると
    • Tenses: The verb or adjective after 〜によると conjugates based on tense, but the phrase itself doesn’t change.
    • Use with “そうです” to indicate reported speech or hearsay.

    Things to Keep in Mind while using 〜によると: Tricky Points and Exceptions

    When learning and using 〜によると, there are a few important things to keep in mind to avoid mistakes. Let’s go through some of these tricky points, exceptions, and nuances to ensure that you use this phrase correctly in different situations.


    1. 〜によると vs. “〜から” and “〜で”

    A common point of confusion for learners of Japanese is how to distinguish 〜によると from other expressions like “〜から” and “〜で”, both of which also indicate a source of information. While these expressions can seem similar, they are used in different contexts and convey different meanings.

    • “〜から” is typically used to show where something originates from in a general sense (for example, “from a person” or “from a place”). It is used in the same way as saying “because of” or “from the perspective of.”
      • Example with “〜から”:
        彼から聞いた話では、彼は日本に行く予定だ。
        (Kare kara kiita hanashi de wa, kare wa Nihon ni iku yotei da.)
        According to what I heard from him, he plans to go to Japan.
    • “〜で” is often used to indicate a location or medium, and it can also show the means by which something happens (e.g., through something, via something). It’s more focused on the action happening in a specific place or method.
      • Example with “〜で”:
        インターネットで調べた情報によると、東京の天気は晴れだ。
        (Intānetto de shirabeta jōhō ni yoru to, Tōkyō no tenki wa hare da.)
        According to the information I researched on the internet, the weather in Tokyo is sunny.
    • Difference with 〜によると:
      〜によると is specifically used to report information from an external source or authority. It is most commonly used in formal contexts, especially when quoting something reported by someone else, like a book, news, or a formal statement.
      • Example with 〜によると:
        新聞によると、明日の試合は延期になったそうです。
        (Shinbun ni yoru to, ashita no shiai wa enki ni natta sou desu.)
        According to the newspaper, tomorrow’s match has been postponed.

    Tip:
    Always keep in mind that 〜によると is about reporting what others have said, whereas “〜から” and “〜で” focus on sources or mediums in a more general sense.


    2. Avoiding Overuse of 〜によると

    While 〜によると is a very useful structure for quoting sources, overusing it can make your language sound repetitive. In both spoken and written Japanese, it’s important to vary your expressions to maintain natural flow.

    For example, if you’re writing a longer piece or engaging in a conversation, instead of always saying 〜によると, you can use different ways to introduce the source of information.

    • Instead of 〜によると, try:
      • 〜と言われています (to iwareteimasu): “It is said that…”
      • 〜だそうです (da sou desu): “I heard that…”
      • 〜から聞きました (kara kikimashita): “I heard from…”

    Example:

    • 新聞によると新聞で言われているのは (According to what is said in the newspaper)
    • 友達によると友達が言うには (According to what my friend says)

    These variations help make your Japanese sound more fluid and natural.


    3. Be Careful with the Tense of the Reported Information

    One of the tricky parts of 〜によると is that it doesn’t change for tense. However, the verb or adjective after 〜によると should match the correct tense (past, present, or future) based on the context.

    • Incorrect Use:
      テレビによると、明日は雨が降ったそうです。
      (Terebi ni yoru to, ashita wa ame ga futta sou desu.)
      According to the TV, it rained tomorrow.
      • Why it’s incorrect: This sentence incorrectly uses the past tense “降った” (rained) when talking about the future. Since “明日” (tomorrow) is in the future, the verb should be in the future tense: “降る” (will rain).
    • Correct Use:
      テレビによると、明日は雨が降るそうです。
      (Terebi ni yoru to, ashita wa ame ga furu sou desu.)
      According to the TV, it is going to rain tomorrow.

    Always pay attention to the tense of the information you’re reporting, and make sure the verb or adjective matches the context.


    4. 〜によると for Reporting Rumors or Uncertain Information

    When using 〜によると, it’s important to remember that it can be used for reporting not just certain facts, but also rumors or speculations. Be mindful that you are sharing something that someone else said, so use caution when reporting rumors or unverified information.

    • Example (Rumor):
      友達によると、彼女はもうすぐ引っ越すそうです。
      (Tomodachi ni yoru to, kanojo wa mousugu hikkosu sou desu.)
      According to my friend, she is about to move soon.

    Since you are not sure if this information is true, it is important to indicate that it is a rumor or unverified, which is done with “そうです” at the end of the sentence.

    Tip:
    To avoid any misunderstandings, try to avoid using 〜によると for things that are highly speculative or could be easily misunderstood as a fact. If you do use it in these cases, it’s important to make it clear that it’s just a rumor or unconfirmed information by using expressions like “と言われています” or “そうです”.


    5. Formal vs. Informal Usage

    〜によると is typically used in formal situations, such as news reports, presentations, and written forms of communication. In informal conversations, it’s more natural to use expressions like:

    • 〜から聞いた (I heard from…)
    • 〜で言われた (It was said at…)

    However, you can still use 〜によると in informal settings when you want to be polite or emphasize that the information is coming from an external, reliable source.


    Summary of Things to Keep in Mind:

    • Distinguish 〜によると from “〜から” and “〜で”: They all refer to sources but have different uses and contexts.
    • Avoid overusing 〜によると: Vary your expressions to make your speech or writing sound more natural.
    • Be mindful of tense: The verb or adjective after 〜によると should match the context.
    • Consider rumors or uncertainty: If you’re reporting a rumor or unverified information, make sure to express that it’s not confirmed.
    • Formal vs. informal usage: While 〜によると is more formal, it can still be used informally if needed.

    🛑 Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them When Using 〜によると

    Even though 〜によると seems simple at first glance, learners often make a few common mistakes while using it. Let’s take a look at these errors and learn how to avoid them, so you can sound more natural and confident in Japanese.


    ✅ 1. ❌ Using 〜によると Without a Follow-Up Reporting Phrase

    Mistake:
    Using 〜によると as a complete sentence.

    • Incorrect:
      先生によると。
      (Sensei ni yoru to.)
      According to the teacher. ← This is incomplete!

    Why it’s wrong:
    〜によると introduces the source of information, but it must be followed by what that source said using a reporting phrase like “そうです”, “と言っていました”, or “と書いてあります”.

    Correct:
    先生によると、明日はテストがあるそうです。
    (Sensei ni yoru to, ashita wa tesuto ga aru sou desu.)
    According to the teacher, there will be a test tomorrow.


    ✅ 2. ❌ Forgetting to Use “そうです” or Another Reporting Expression

    Mistake:
    Ending the sentence right after the factual statement without using “そうです” or “と言っています”.

    • Incorrect:
      ニュースによると、台風が来ます。
      (Nyūsu ni yoru to, taifū ga kimasu.)
      According to the news, the typhoon is coming. ← Sounds like you’re stating it as your own fact.

    Why it’s wrong:
    The phrase 〜によると implies someone else’s opinion or report, so you should distance yourself from the statement using phrases like:

    • そうです (it is said that…)
    • と言っています (they said that…)
    • と書いてあります (it is written that…)

    Correct:
    ニュースによると、台風が来るそうです。
    (Nyūsu ni yoru to, taifū ga kuru sou desu.)
    According to the news, a typhoon is coming.


    ✅ 3. ❌ Using the Wrong Tense After 〜によると

    Mistake:
    Mismatch between the verb tense and the reported time.

    • Incorrect:
      新聞によると、昨日のコンサートは楽しいです。
      (Shinbun ni yoru to, kinō no konsāto wa tanoshii desu.)
      According to the newspaper, yesterday’s concert is fun. ← Tense mismatch!

    Correct:
    新聞によると、昨日のコンサートは楽しかったそうです。
    (Shinbun ni yoru to, kinō no konsāto wa tanoshikatta sou desu.)
    According to the newspaper, yesterday’s concert was fun.

    📝 Tip: Match the verb tense to the actual timing of the event, not the time you are reporting it.


    ✅ 4. ❌ Using 〜によると for Personal Opinions

    Mistake:
    Using 〜によると to share your own thoughts or guesses.

    • Incorrect:
      私によると、彼は悪くないです。
      (Watashi ni yoru to, kare wa warukunai desu.)
      According to me, he’s not wrong. ← Not natural in Japanese.

    Correct:
    私の意見では、彼は悪くないと思います。
    (Watashi no iken de wa, kare wa warukunai to omoimasu.)
    In my opinion, I think he’s not wrong.

    📌 Note: 〜によると is used to refer to outside sources, not your own thoughts. Use expressions like:

    • 〜と思います (I think…)
    • 〜の意見では (In my opinion…)

    ✅ 5. ❌ Mixing Up 〜によると with 〜によって

    This is a big one!

    • 〜によると“According to…” (Used to cite information)
    • 〜によって“By means of / depending on / caused by” (Completely different meaning!)
    • Incorrect:
      彼によって、明日は雨だそうです。
      (Kare ni yotte, ashita wa ame da sou desu.)
    • Correct:
      彼によると、明日は雨だそうです。
      (Kare ni yoru to, ashita wa ame da sou desu.)
      According to him, it’s going to rain tomorrow.

    🛑 Be careful! Even though both phrases look similar, they are not interchangeable.


    ✅ 6. ❌ Repeating 〜によると Too Often in One Paragraph

    Mistake:
    Using 〜によると in every sentence makes the writing or conversation sound repetitive.

    Tip: Mix it up! Try using other natural expressions like:

    • 〜の話では… (According to what [someone] said…)
    • 〜によれば… (Alternative to “によると” but more formal)
    • 〜と聞きました (I heard that…)

    Example:
    Instead of writing:
    先生によると〜。先生によると〜。先生によると〜。

    Try this instead:
    先生によると〜。また、先生の話では〜。さらに、先生が言っていたことによれば〜。


    🔁 Quick Recap: Mistakes to Avoid

    ❌ Common Mistake✅ Correct Usage
    Using “によると” aloneAlways follow with a reporting phrase like “そうです”
    Forgetting tenseMatch past/present/future tense properly
    Using it for personal opinionUse “と思います” or “私の意見では” instead
    Mixing with “によって”Use “によると” only to report external info
    Repeating too muchVary your expressions for natural speech

    ✨ 20 Example Sentences Using 〜によると

    These real-life example sentences will help you understand how 〜によると is used in different contexts. Practice reading them aloud and notice the sentence structure and placement of the reporting phrase. Let’s dive in!


    🗞️ News & Media Context

    1. ニュースによると、今日は雪が降るそうです。
      Nyūsu ni yoru to, kyō wa yuki ga furu sou desu.
      According to the news, it’s going to snow today.
    2. 新聞によると、新しい動物園が来月オープンするそうです。
      Shinbun ni yoru to, atarashii dōbutsuen ga raigetsu ōpun suru sou desu.
      According to the newspaper, a new zoo will open next month.
    3. 天気予報によると、週末は晴れるそうです。
      Tenki yohō ni yoru to, shūmatsu wa hareru sou desu.
      According to the weather forecast, it will be sunny on the weekend.
    4. 雑誌によると、そのレストランはとても人気があるそうです。
      Zasshi ni yoru to, sono resutoran wa totemo ninki ga aru sou desu.
      According to the magazine, that restaurant is very popular.
    5. インターネットによると、この映画は世界中でヒットしています。
      Intānetto ni yoru to, kono eiga wa sekaijū de hitto shiteimasu.
      According to the internet, this movie is a hit all over the world.

    🧑‍🏫 Academic & Personal Sources

    1. 先生によると、この本は試験に出るそうです。
      Sensei ni yoru to, kono hon wa shiken ni deru sou desu.
      According to the teacher, this book will be on the exam.
    2. 友達によると、そのお店は安くて美味しいそうです。
      Tomodachi ni yoru to, sono omise wa yasukute oishii sou desu.
      According to my friend, that shop is cheap and delicious.
    3. ガイドによると、このお寺は500年前に建てられたそうです。
      Gaido ni yoru to, kono otera wa gohyaku nen mae ni taterareta sou desu.
      According to the guide, this temple was built 500 years ago.
    4. 先生によると、漢字を毎日練習すると上達するそうです。
      Sensei ni yoru to, kanji o mainichi renshū suru to jōtatsu suru sou desu.
      According to the teacher, practicing kanji daily helps improve your skills.
    5. 兄によると、そのゲームはとても難しいそうです。
      Ani ni yoru to, sono gēmu wa totemo muzukashii sou desu.
      According to my older brother, that game is very difficult.

    🏙️ Events, Nature, and Travel

    1. 駅員によると、次の電車は10分遅れるそうです。
      Ekiin ni yoru to, tsugi no densha wa jūpun okureru sou desu.
      According to the station staff, the next train will be 10 minutes late.
    2. 観光案内所によると、この町は春が一番きれいだそうです。
      Kankō annaijo ni yoru to, kono machi wa haru ga ichiban kirei da sou desu.
      According to the tourist information center, this town is most beautiful in spring.
    3. 地図によると、公園は駅の近くにあるそうです。
      Chizu ni yoru to, kōen wa eki no chikaku ni aru sou desu.
      According to the map, the park is near the station.
    4. 旅行会社によると、夏の北海道はおすすめだそうです。
      Ryokō gaisha ni yoru to, natsu no Hokkaidō wa osusume da sou desu.
      According to the travel agency, Hokkaido is recommended in summer.
    5. ガイドブックによると、このレストランは予約が必要だそうです。
      Gaidobukku ni yoru to, kono resutoran wa yoyaku ga hitsuyō da sou desu.
      According to the guidebook, this restaurant requires a reservation.

    🎓 Facts & Fun

    1. 科学者によると、宇宙にはまだ知られていない星がたくさんあるそうです。
      Kagakusha ni yoru to, uchū ni wa mada shirarete inai hoshi ga takusan aru sou desu.
      According to scientists, there are still many unknown stars in space.
    2. 本によると、猫は一日中寝ているそうです。
      Hon ni yoru to, neko wa ichinichijū nete iru sou desu.
      According to the book, cats sleep all day.
    3. 占いによると、今日はラッキーデーだそうです。
      Uranai ni yoru to, kyō wa rakkī dē da sou desu.
      According to the horoscope, today is a lucky day.
    4. 統計によると、日本では長寿の人が多いそうです。
      Tōkei ni yoru to, Nihon de wa chōju no hito ga ōi sou desu.
      According to statistics, Japan has many long-living people.
    5. 研究によると、朝ごはんを食べる人は集中力が高いそうです。
      Kenkyū ni yoru to, asagohan o taberu hito wa shūchūryoku ga takai sou desu.
      According to research, people who eat breakfast have better focus.

    These examples give you a wide range of real-life situations where you can use 〜によると.


    Exercise – 20 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions Using “〜によると”

    This exercise will help reinforce your understanding of how to use “〜によると” in real-life sentences. Try to fill in the blanks before checking the answers in the next section.


    ✏️ Fill in the blanks:

    _____________ によると、明日は雨が降るそうです。
    (According to _____________, it will rain tomorrow.)

    1. 天気予報 _____________、今日はとても暑くなるそうです。
      (According to the weather forecast, it will be very hot today.)
    2. _____________ によると、そのお店は新しくオープンしたばかりです。
      (According to _____________, that store just opened.)
    3. 先生 _____________、来週テストがあります。
      (According to the teacher, there is a test next week.)
    4. _____________ によると、この犬は賢いそうです。
      (According to _____________, this dog is smart.)
    5. ガイド _____________、この建物は古いお寺です。
      (According to the guide, this building is an old temple.)
    6. _____________ によると、電車は30分遅れています。
      (According to _____________, the train is 30 minutes late.)
    7. インターネット _____________、このスマホは人気があります。
      (According to the internet, this smartphone is popular.)
    8. _____________ によると、宿題は金曜日までです。
      (According to _____________, the homework is due by Friday.)
    9. 父 _____________、この道は近道だそうです。
      (According to my dad, this road is a shortcut.)
    10. _____________ によると、日本の夏はとても暑いです。
      (According to _____________, Japan’s summer is very hot.)
    11. 雑誌 _____________、この映画は話題になっています。
      (According to the magazine, this movie is trending.)
    12. _____________ によると、あのレストランは高いです。
      (According to _____________, that restaurant is expensive.)
    13. 医者 _____________、たくさん寝ることは大切です。
      (According to the doctor, sleeping a lot is important.)
    14. _____________ によると、この服は今セール中です。
      (According to _____________, these clothes are on sale now.)
    15. 地図 _____________、公園はこの道をまっすぐ行ったところにあります。
      (According to the map, the park is straight down this road.)
    16. _____________ によると、この魚は健康にいいです。
      (According to _____________, this fish is good for health.)
    17. 統計 _____________、日本では多くの人が朝ごはんを食べます。
      (According to statistics, many people in Japan eat breakfast.)
    18. _____________ によると、今日はイベントがあります。
      (According to _____________, there’s an event today.)
    19. 科学者 _____________、宇宙はとても広いです。
      (According to scientists, the universe is very vast.)

    Answers – 20 Fill-in-the-Blank Sentences Using “〜によると”

    (Each sentence includes bolded answers, romaji, and English translations.)


    1. 天気予報 によると、明日は雨が降るそうです。
      Tenki yohō ni yoru to, ashita wa ame ga furu sō desu.
      According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
    2. 天気予報 によると、今日はとても暑くなるそうです。
      Tenki yohō ni yoru to, kyō wa totemo atsuku naru sō desu.
      According to the weather forecast, it will be very hot today.
    3. 友だち によると、そのお店は新しくオープンしたばかりです。
      Tomodachi ni yoru to, sono omise wa atarashiku ōpun shita bakari desu.
      According to my friend, that store just opened.
    4. 先生 によると、来週テストがあります。
      Sensei ni yoru to, raishū tesuto ga arimasu.
      According to the teacher, there is a test next week.
    5. 飼い主 によると、この犬は賢いそうです。
      Kainushi ni yoru to, kono inu wa kashikoi sō desu.
      According to the owner, this dog is smart.
    6. ガイド によると、この建物は古いお寺です。
      Gaido ni yoru to, kono tatemono wa furui otera desu.
      According to the guide, this building is an old temple.
    7. 駅員 によると、電車は30分遅れています。
      Ekiin ni yoru to, densha wa sanjūpun okurete imasu.
      According to the station staff, the train is 30 minutes late.
    8. インターネット によると、このスマホは人気があります。
      Intānetto ni yoru to, kono sumaho wa ninki ga arimasu.
      According to the internet, this smartphone is popular.
    9. 先生 によると、宿題は金曜日までです。
      Sensei ni yoru to, shukudai wa kin’yōbi made desu.
      According to the teacher, the homework is due by Friday.
    10. によると、この道は近道だそうです。
      Chichi ni yoru to, kono michi wa chikamichi da sō desu.
      According to my dad, this road is a shortcut.
    11. ニュース によると、日本の夏はとても暑いです。
      Nyūsu ni yoru to, Nihon no natsu wa totemo atsui desu.
      According to the news, Japan’s summer is very hot.
    12. 雑誌 によると、この映画は話題になっています。
      Zasshi ni yoru to, kono eiga wa wadai ni natte imasu.
      According to the magazine, this movie is trending.
    13. レビュー によると、あのレストランは高いです。
      Rebyū ni yoru to, ano resutoran wa takai desu.
      According to the reviews, that restaurant is expensive.
    14. 医者 によると、たくさん寝ることは大切です。
      Isha ni yoru to, takusan neru koto wa taisetsu desu.
      According to the doctor, sleeping a lot is important.
    15. 店員 によると、この服は今セール中です。
      Ten’in ni yoru to, kono fuku wa ima sēru-chū desu.
      According to the store clerk, these clothes are on sale now.
    16. 地図 によると、公園はこの道をまっすぐ行ったところにあります。
      Chizu ni yoru to, kōen wa kono michi o massugu itta tokoro ni arimasu.
      According to the map, the park is straight down this road.
    17. 料理本 によると、この魚は健康にいいです。
      Ryōri-bon ni yoru to, kono sakana wa kenkō ni ii desu.
      According to the cookbook, this fish is good for health.
    18. 統計 によると、日本では多くの人が朝ごはんを食べます。
      Tōkei ni yoru to, Nihon de wa ōku no hito ga asagohan o tabemasu.
      According to statistics, many people in Japan eat breakfast.
    19. カレンダー によると、今日はイベントがあります。
      Karendā ni yoru to, kyō wa ibento ga arimasu.
      According to the calendar, there’s an event today.
    20. 科学者 によると、宇宙はとても広いです。
      Kagakusha ni yoru to, uchū wa totemo hiroi desu.
      According to scientists, the universe is very vast.

    Summary – Key Takeaways on 〜によると

    • Meaning:
      • “〜によると” means “according to…”.
      • Used to report information from a source.
    • When to Use:
      • Reporting news, advice, or opinions.
      • Common in weather forecasts, news, books, guides, etc.
    • Structure:
      • [Source] + によると、[statement].
      • Example: 天気予報によると、明日は雨が降るそうです.
        (According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.)
    • Conjugation:
      • Only used with nouns (no verb/adjective conjugation).
    • Common Sources:
      • News, weather forecasts, official statements, guides, opinions from others.

    Things to Remember:

    • Use for reliable sources only.
    • Follow with indirect speech forms like そうです or らしいです.
    • Don’t use for personal opinions.

    Mistakes to Avoid:

    • Incorrect: Using for personal thoughts or opinions.
    • Incorrect: Forgetting the noun as the source.

    📝 Examples:

    • 天気予報によると、明日は雪が降るそうです.
      (According to the weather forecast, it will snow tomorrow.)
    • 医者によると、もっと運動した方がいいそうです.
      (According to the doctor, I should exercise more.)

    You’re all set! Review this summary whenever you need a quick refresher.


    Conclusion

    Mastering 〜によると is essential for improving your Japanese communication, especially when discussing information from external sources. Whether you’re reporting weather updates, news, or quoting others, this grammar point allows you to share details smoothly and accurately.

    Key Points to Remember:
    • 〜によると is used to indicate “according to…” a source.
    • It follows a noun and is often used with indirect speech markers like そうです or らしいです.
    • Avoid using it for personal opinions; instead, stick to reliable sources.

    Now that you’ve learned how to use 〜によると, it’s time to practice!

    If you enjoyed this lesson, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Don’t forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have about nouns.

    Happy learning! 😊

    Understanding Japanese Verb Groups: A Beginner’s Guide
    Japanese Verb Conjugation: Dictionary, ます, and Negative Forms
    Mastering Japanese Past Tense
    Mastering Polite Forms in Japanese:ます/ません
    Mastering the Japanese Te-Form: A Comprehensive Guide
    Mastering the Japanese たい Form: A Comprehensive Guide
    Mastering the Expressions of Ability in Japanese
    Understanding ~たら in Japanese
    Volitional Form in Japanese
    Expressing Ability in Japanese
    Potential Form of Verbs in Japanese
    Passive Form of Verbs in Japanese
    Causative Form in Japanese
    Causative-Passive Form in Japanese
    〜ながら Form in Japanese
    〜そうだ (Hearsay): Expressing Reported Speech in Japanese
    〜そうだ (Appearance): Expressing ‘Looks Like’ in Japanese
    〜そうだ (Hearsay) vs 〜そうだ (Appearance): Understanding the Difference

  • How to Use 〜ところ in Japanese | My Language Classes

    How to Use 〜ところ in Japanese | My Language Classes

    Using 〜ところ Form in Japanese

    The 〜ところ form is a crucial grammatical structure in Japanese that expresses different stages of an action. It helps indicate whether an action is about to happen, is in progress, or has just been completed. This blog post will cover the formation of 〜ところ for all three verb groups, its various uses, and provide example sentences, things to keep in mind, exercises, and a conclusion.


    Formation of 〜ところ Form

    Group 1 (Ichidan Verbs)

    For ichidan (一段) verbs, remove る from the dictionary form and add the appropriate auxiliary:

    • Before the action: 〜るところ
    • During the action: 〜ているところ
    • After the action: 〜たところ

    Example:

    • 食べる (taberu – to eat)
      • Before: 食べるところ (taberu tokoro)
      • During: 食べているところ (tabete iru tokoro)
      • After: 食べたところ (tabeta tokoro)

    Group 2 (Godan Verbs)

    For godan (五段) verbs, use the same rules as ichidan verbs but conjugate accordingly:

    • Before the action: Dictionary form + ところ
    • During the action: て-form + いるところ
    • After the action: た-form + ところ

    Example:

    • 読む (yomu – to read)
      • Before: 読むところ (yomu tokoro)
      • During: 読んでいるところ (yonde iru tokoro)
      • After: 読んだところ (yonda tokoro)

    Group 3 (Irregular Verbs)

    For irregular verbs like する and くる:

    • する (suru – to do)
      • Before: するところ (suru tokoro)
      • During: しているところ (shite iru tokoro)
      • After: したところ (shita tokoro)
    • くる (kuru – to come)
      • Before: くるところ (kuru tokoro)
      • During: きているところ (kite iru tokoro)
      • After: きたところ (kita tokoro)

    Usage of 〜ところ

    Situations where 〜ところ is used:

    SituationForm UsedExample
    Right before an actionるところ今から寝るところです。 (I’m just about to sleep.)
    In the middle of an actionているところちょうど宿題をしているところです。 (I am in the middle of doing my homework.)
    Just after an actionたところちょうどご飯を食べたところです。 (I just finished eating.)
    To indicate an important momentる・ている・たところ試験を受けるところだった。(I was just about to take the exam.)
    When explaining a sequence of eventsたところ先生に聞いたところ、すぐに答えがわかった。(When I asked the teacher, I immediately understood the answer.)

    Example Sentences

    1. 電車が出発するところです。
      Densha ga shuppatsu suru tokoro desu.
      (The train is about to depart.)
    2. 彼は今、電話しているところです。
      Kare wa ima, denwa shite iru tokoro desu.
      (He is on the phone right now.)
    3. ちょうど昼ご飯を食べたところです。
      Choudo hirugohan o tabeta tokoro desu.
      (I just finished eating lunch.)
    4. 飛行機が今にも飛ぶところです。
      Hikouki ga ima ni mo tobu tokoro desu.
      (The airplane is just about to take off.)
    5. 友達と話しているところでした。
      Tomodachi to hanashite iru tokoro deshita.
      (I was in the middle of talking with my friend.)
    6. 彼に聞いたところ、すぐに答えてくれました。
      Kare ni kiita tokoro, sugu ni kotaete kuremashita.
      (When I asked him, he answered immediately.)
    7. ちょうど今、家を出るところです。
      Choudo ima, ie o deru tokoro desu.
      (I am just about to leave home.)
    8. 映画を見ているところです。
      Eiga o mite iru tokoro desu.
      (I am in the middle of watching a movie.)
    9. 買い物が終わったところです。
      Kaimono ga owatta tokoro desu.
      (I just finished shopping.)
    10. 勉強するところだったのに、友達が来ました。
      Benkyou suru tokoro datta noni, tomodachi ga kimashita.
      (I was about to study, but my friend came.)

    Things to Keep in Mind

    1. 〜ところ emphasizes timing rather than the state of an action.
    2. Be careful not to confuse たところ with たばかり; たところ emphasizes immediate completion.
    3. ているところ is often used to explain ongoing actions.
    4. This form is frequently used with words like ちょうど (exactly, just), 今 (now), まさに (precisely).

    Fill in the Blanks

    1. ちょうど今、映画を____ところです。
    2. 飛行機が____ところでした。
    3. 彼は電話を____ところです。
    4. 今、家を____ところです。
    5. 私は宿題を____ところだった。
    6. 友達が来たので、ちょうど出かける____だった。
    7. 先生に聞いた____、すぐに理解しました。
    8. 彼はまだ寝る____ではありません。
    9. ちょうどレポートを____ところでした。
    10. 仕事が終わった____です。

    Answers

    1. 見ている
    2. 飛ぶ
    3. している
    4. 出る
    5. する
    6. ところ
    7. ところ
    8. ところ
    9. 書く
    10. ところ

    Conclusion

    The 〜ところ form is an essential grammar point that helps clarify the timing of an action. Whether something is about to happen, currently happening, or has just happened, understanding how to use 〜ところ correctly will significantly improve your Japanese fluency. Keep practicing, and soon this structure will become second nature in your conversations!

    If you enjoyed this lesson, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Don’t forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have about nouns.

    Happy learning! 😊

    Understanding Japanese Verb Groups: A Beginner’s Guide
    Japanese Verb Conjugation: Dictionary, ます, and Negative Forms
    Mastering Japanese Past Tense
    Mastering Polite Forms in Japanese:ます/ません
    Mastering the Japanese Te-Form: A Comprehensive Guide
    Mastering the Japanese たい Form: A Comprehensive Guide
    Mastering the Expressions of Ability in Japanese
    Understanding ~たら in Japanese
    Volitional Form in Japanese
    Expressing Ability in Japanese
    Potential Form of Verbs in Japanese
    Passive Form of Verbs in Japanese
    Causative Form in Japanese
    Causative-Passive Form in Japanese
    〜ながら Form in Japanese
    〜そうだ (Hearsay): Expressing Reported Speech in Japanese
    〜そうだ (Appearance): Expressing ‘Looks Like’ in Japanese
    〜そうだ (Hearsay) vs 〜そうだ (Appearance): Understanding the Difference
  • Everything You Need to Know About PARA in Spanish

    Everything You Need to Know About PARA in Spanish

    When learning Spanish, one of the trickiest aspects is understanding the difference between “por” and “para.” While both can translate to “for” in English, they serve different purposes in Spanish. This article will focus on “para”—its uses, common expressions, and grammatical rules.

    Uses of PARA in Spanish

    “Para” is generally used to indicate purpose, destination, deadlines, recipients, and opinions. Below is a detailed explanation of its main uses:

    UsageExplanationExample Sentence
    Purpose (In order to)Used to indicate the reason for doing something. Often translates to “in order to” in English.Estudio español para hablar con fluidez. (I study Spanish in order to speak fluently.)
    Recipient (For someone)Used when something is intended for a person or entity.Este regalo es para ti. (This gift is for you.)
    Destination (Towards a place)Indicates movement towards a destination.Salimos para Madrid mañana. (We are leaving for Madrid tomorrow.)
    Deadline (By, For a time limit)Used to indicate a deadline for an action.La tarea es para mañana. (The homework is for tomorrow.)
    Employment (To work for someone)Indicates employment or who you work for.Trabajo para una empresa grande. (I work for a big company.)
    Comparison (Considering that)Used when making a comparison or contrast.Para un niño de 5 años, él es muy alto. (For a five-year-old, he is very tall.)
    Opinion (According to someone)Used to express personal opinions.Para mí, este restaurante es el mejor. (For me, this restaurant is the best.)
    Use (For a specific use)Used when indicating the purpose of an object.Necesito un cepillo para el pelo. (I need a brush for my hair.)

    Common Expressions with PARA

    Below is a list of commonly used phrases and idioms with para in daily Spanish:

    ExpressionMeaningExample Sentence
    Estar para + infinitiveTo be about to do somethingEstoy para salir. (I am about to leave.)
    Para siempreForeverTe amaré para siempre. (I will love you forever.)
    Para nadaNot at allNo me gusta el café para nada. (I don’t like coffee at all.)
    Para variarJust for a changeHoy vamos a la playa para variar. (Today we are going to the beach just for a change.)
    No es para tantoIt’s not a big dealNo llores, no es para tanto. (Don’t cry, it’s not a big deal.)
    Para colmoTo top it all offPerdimos el tren y, para colmo, empezó a llover. (We missed the train, and to top it all off, it started raining.)
    Para que (+ subjunctive)So thatEstudia mucho para que pases el examen. (Study hard so that you pass the exam.)
    Ser tal para cualTo be two of a kindJuan y Ana son tal para cual. (Juan and Ana are two of a kind.)

    Important Grammar Rules When Using PARA

    1. Articles with PARA

    • When using para before a noun, it may require a definite or indefinite article (el, la, los, las, un, una, unos, unas).
    • Example: Este libro es para el profesor. (This book is for the teacher.)

    2. Singular vs. Plural Forms

    • “Para” itself does not change with gender or number, but the words following it do.
    • Example: Las flores son para las madres. (The flowers are for the mothers.)

    3. Using PARA with Pronouns

    • Personal pronouns with “para”: para mí, para ti, para él/ella, para nosotros, para ellos.
    • Example: Este mensaje es para ti. (This message is for you.)

    4. PARA vs. POR

    Since “por” and “para” both mean “for” in English, beginners often confuse them. Here’s a simple trick:

    • Use PARA when there’s a destination or purpose. (Voy para Madrid.)
    • Use POR when there’s a cause or reason. (Voy por el trabajo.)

    Things to Keep in Mind When Using PARA

    • If you are expressing a purpose (“in order to”), always use the infinitive verb form after “para.”
      ✅ Vine para aprender español. (I came to learn Spanish.)
      ❌ Vine para aprendo español. (Incorrect)
    • “Para” is not used when talking about duration—use “por” instead.
      ✅ Estudié por dos horas. (I studied for two hours.)
      ❌ Estudié para dos horas. (Incorrect)
    • In spoken Spanish, native speakers often use “para” with shortened forms like “pa’” in informal speech.
      Example: Voy pa’ la casa. (I’m going home.) (Casual speech)

    Final Thoughts

    Understanding para is crucial for mastering Spanish. By learning its different uses and practicing with common expressions, you’ll improve both comprehension and fluency. Try to use para in your daily conversations, and pay attention to how native speakers use it!

    If you enjoyed this lesson, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Don’t forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have.

    Happy learning! 😊

  • Understanding 〜より〜のほうが in Japanese | My Language Classes

    Understanding 〜より〜のほうが in Japanese | My Language Classes

    Understanding 〜より〜のほうが

    The construction 〜より〜のほうが is an essential tool in Japanese for making comparisons. It translates to “X is more than Y” or “X is better/more suitable than Y” and is widely used in everyday conversations, formal contexts, and written communication. This blog post dives into its meaning, usage, and various scenarios.


    Structure of 〜より〜のほうが

    The pattern is straightforward:

    1. Yより Xのほうが adjective/descriptive phrase.
      • Yより: Indicates the thing being compared (Y).
      • Xのほうが: Highlights the preferred or superior item (X).

    Example:

    • 犬より猫のほうが好きです。
      (I like cats more than dogs.)

    Core Uses of 〜より〜のほうが

    1. Preference
      When expressing a preference between two items, activities, or options:
      • 旅行より勉強のほうが楽しいです。
        (Studying is more fun than traveling.)
    2. Quantitative Comparisons
      Highlighting differences in measurable qualities like size, speed, or price:
      • バスより電車のほうが早いです。
        (Trains are faster than buses.)
      • このレストランよりあのレストランのほうが安いです。
        (That restaurant is cheaper than this one.)
    3. Capabilities
      Used to compare abilities or skills:
      • 英語より日本語のほうが得意です。
        (I’m better at Japanese than English.)
    4. Frequency or Intensity
      Comparing how often or how strongly something occurs:
      • 冬より夏のほうが好きです。
        (I like summer more than winter.)
    5. Hypotheticals
      For discussing hypothetical preferences or outcomes:
      • 映画館より家で映画を見たほうがいいです。
        (Watching a movie at home is better than going to the cinema.)
    6. Suitability
      Indicating one option is more suitable for a specific purpose:
      • この仕事には男性より女性のほうが適しています。
        (For this job, women are more suitable than men.)

    Situations Where 〜より〜のほうが is Used

    1. Daily Conversations
      • Comparing food, hobbies, weather, or locations:
        • 寿司よりラーメンのほうがおいしいと思います。
          (I think ramen is tastier than sushi.)
    2. Business and Professional Settings
      • Discussing product qualities or work efficiency:
        • この方法よりその方法のほうが効率的です。
          (That method is more efficient than this one.)
    3. Travel and Leisure
      • Comparing destinations, travel modes, or activities:
        • 海外旅行より国内旅行のほうが安心です。
          (Domestic travel is safer than international travel.)
    4. Education and Learning
      • Comparing subjects or teaching methods:
        • 自習より先生に教えてもらうほうがいいです。
          (Being taught by a teacher is better than self-study.)
    5. Relationships and Social Scenarios
      • Evaluating people or interpersonal qualities:
        • 彼より彼女のほうが優しいです。
          (She is kinder than him.)

    Key Notes

    1. Implied Context:
      In conversational Japanese, the context often allows for the omission of repetitive elements:
      • 映画よりドラマのほうが好きです。(I like dramas more than movies.)
        Can be shortened to:
        • ドラマのほうが好きです。 (I like dramas more.)
    2. Neutrality:
      The phrase is neutral and doesn’t carry judgmental connotations, making it versatile for all scenarios.
    3. Politeness Levels:
      Depending on the situation, you can adjust politeness levels:
      • Casual: 〜より〜のほうがいい。
      • Polite: 〜より〜のほうがいいです。
      • Formal: 〜より〜のほうが適切です。

    Practice Examples

    1. 自転車より車のほうが速いです。
      (Cars are faster than bicycles.)
    2. テレビを見るより本を読むほうがいいです。
      (Reading books is better than watching TV.)
    3. 東京より大阪のほうが住みやすいと思います。
      (I think Osaka is easier to live in than Tokyo.)

    By mastering 〜より〜のほうが, you can convey nuanced preferences and comparisons effectively. Practice using it in different contexts to build fluency!

    What comparisons will you try making today? Let me know in the comments!

    If you enjoyed this lesson, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Don’t forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have about nouns.

    Happy learning! 😊

    Understanding Japanese Verb Groups: A Beginner’s Guide
    Japanese Verb Conjugation: Dictionary, ます, and Negative Forms
    Mastering Japanese Past Tense
    Mastering Polite Forms in Japanese:ます/ません
    Mastering the Japanese Te-Form: A Comprehensive Guide
    Mastering the Japanese たい Form: A Comprehensive Guide
    Mastering the Expressions of Ability in Japanese
    Understanding ~たら in Japanese
    Volitional Form in Japanese
    Expressing Ability in Japanese
    Potential Form of Verbs in Japanese
    Passive Form of Verbs in Japanese
    Causative Form in Japanese
    Causative-Passive Form in Japanese
    〜ながら Form in Japanese
    〜そうだ (Hearsay): Expressing Reported Speech in Japanese
    〜そうだ (Appearance): Expressing ‘Looks Like’ in Japanese
    〜そうだ (Hearsay) vs 〜そうだ (Appearance): Understanding the Difference
  • Understanding 〜てもいい in Japanese | My Language Classes

    Understanding 〜てもいい in Japanese | My Language Classes

    How to Use 〜てもいい in Japanese

    In Japanese, 〜てもいい is a versatile grammatical structure that expresses permission, possibility, and sometimes even a suggestion. This phrase is widely used in daily conversations, making it essential for learners to master. In this blog post, we will explore the meaning, formation, and various situations where 〜てもいい is used.


    Meaning of 〜てもいい

    The phrase 〜てもいい (temo ii) literally translates to “It’s okay to ~” or “You may ~” in English. It is used when granting permission or indicating that an action is acceptable.

    It can be broken down as follows:

    • 〜て (te-form): The te-form of a verb
    • も (mo): A particle meaning “also” or “even”
    • いい (ii): Meaning “good” or “okay”

    How to Form 〜てもいい

    To use 〜てもいい, follow these steps:

    1. Convert the verb to its te-form
    2. Attach もいい to the te-form

    Example Conjugations:

    Verb TypeDictionary Formて-Form〜てもいい FormMeaning
    Group 1書く (kaku)書いて (kaite)書いてもいいIt’s okay to write.
    Group 2食べる (taberu)食べて (tabete)食べてもいいIt’s okay to eat.
    Irregularする (suru)して (shite)してもいいIt’s okay to do.
    Irregular来る (kuru)来て (kite)来てもいいIt’s okay to come.

    Situations Where 〜てもいい is Used

    1. Granting Permission

    This is the most common use of 〜てもいい, where it gives someone the approval to do something.

    Examples:

    • ここで写真を撮ってもいいですか?
      (Koko de shashin o totte mo ii desu ka?)
      Is it okay to take pictures here?
    • この部屋で電話してもいいですか?
      (Kono heya de denwa shite mo ii desu ka?)
      May I make a phone call in this room?

    2. Asking for Permission

    When seeking approval to do something, 〜てもいいですか? is commonly used.

    Examples:

    • 水を飲んでもいいですか?
      (Mizu o nonde mo ii desu ka?)
      May I drink water?
    • もう帰ってもいいですか?
      (Mou kaette mo ii desu ka?)
      Is it okay if I go home now?

    3. Suggesting an Option

    Sometimes, 〜てもいい can be used to suggest an option rather than explicitly asking or granting permission.

    Examples:

    • 疲れたら、休んでもいいですよ。
      (Tsukaretara, yasunde mo ii desu yo.)
      If you’re tired, you can take a rest.
    • 時間があれば、後で来てもいいよ。
      (Jikan ga areba, ato de kite mo ii yo.)
      If you have time, you can come later.

    4. Expressing Tolerance

    In some cases, 〜てもいい expresses tolerance for a situation, meaning “it doesn’t matter if…” or “it’s acceptable if…”

    Examples:

    • 少し遅れてもいいですよ。
      (Sukoshi okurete mo ii desu yo.)
      It’s okay if you’re a little late.
    • 雨が降ってもいいから、試合を続けよう。
      (Ame ga futte mo ii kara, shiai o tsuzukeyou.)
      Even if it rains, let’s continue the game.

    Negative Form: 〜てはいけない (You Must Not ~)

    While 〜てもいい gives permission, its opposite 〜てはいけない expresses prohibition.

    Examples:

    • ここでタバコを吸ってはいけません。
      (Koko de tabako o sutte wa ikemasen.)
      You must not smoke here.
    • 授業中に携帯を使ってはいけません。
      (Jugyou chuu ni keitai o tsukatte wa ikemasen.)
      You are not allowed to use your phone during class.

    Summary: Key Points

    • 〜てもいい means “It’s okay to ~” or “You may ~.”
    • It is used for granting permission, asking for permission, suggesting an option, or expressing tolerance.
    • It follows the te-form of a verb + もいい.
    • The negative counterpart is 〜てはいけない, which expresses prohibition.

    Conclusion

    Mastering 〜てもいい is crucial for smooth communication in Japanese. Whether you’re asking for permission, giving someone an option, or expressing tolerance, this structure will make your conversations more natural and polite. Keep practicing by using it in different situations, and you’ll soon be speaking Japanese more fluently!

    If you enjoyed this lesson, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Don’t forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have about nouns.

    Happy learning! 😊

    Understanding Japanese Verb Groups: A Beginner’s Guide
    Japanese Verb Conjugation: Dictionary, ます, and Negative Forms
    Mastering Japanese Past Tense
    Mastering Polite Forms in Japanese:ます/ません
    Mastering the Japanese Te-Form: A Comprehensive Guide
    Mastering the Japanese たい Form: A Comprehensive Guide
    Mastering the Expressions of Ability in Japanese
    Understanding ~たら in Japanese
    Volitional Form in Japanese
    Expressing Ability in Japanese
    Potential Form of Verbs in Japanese
    Passive Form of Verbs in Japanese
    Causative Form in Japanese
    Causative-Passive Form in Japanese
    〜ながら Form in Japanese
    〜そうだ (Hearsay): Expressing Reported Speech in Japanese
    〜そうだ (Appearance): Expressing ‘Looks Like’ in Japanese
    〜そうだ (Hearsay) vs 〜そうだ (Appearance): Understanding the Difference
  • How to Express Prohibition in Japanese | My Language Classes

    How to Express Prohibition in Japanese | My Language Classes

    Expressing Prohibition in Japanese

    If you’re learning Japanese, mastering how to express prohibition (saying what cannot or should not be done) is an essential step toward fluency. Japanese has a rich tapestry of expressions for prohibition, each carrying different nuances based on politeness levels, context, and the strength of the prohibition. In this blog, I’ll guide you through the most common ways to express prohibition in Japanese and help you understand when to use them.


    1. ~てはいけません (Te wa ikemasen)

    This is one of the most commonly used and polite ways to express prohibition in Japanese. It translates roughly to “You must not…” or “It’s not allowed to…”.

    Formation:

    Take the te-form of the verb and attach ~てはいけません.

    Example:

    • ここでたばこを吸ってはいけません。
      (Koko de tabako o sutte wa ikemasen.)
      “You must not smoke here.”

    This phrase is often used in formal situations, such as school rules, workplace guidelines, or signs in public spaces.


    2. ~ちゃダメ / ~ちゃいけない (Casual Forms)

    In casual settings, Japanese speakers often use ~ちゃダメ or ~ちゃいけない to express prohibition. These are informal contractions of ~てはいけません.

    Example:

    • ここでゲームしちゃダメだよ。
      (Koko de geemu shicha dame da yo.)
      “You can’t play games here.”
    • あそこで走っちゃいけない。
      (Asoko de hashiccha ikenai.)
      “You must not run over there.”

    Use these with close friends, family members, or peers, but avoid them in formal contexts.


    3. 禁止 (Kinshi) – The Formal, Written Prohibition

    When expressing prohibition in written form, especially on signs or official notices, the word 禁止 (kinshi, meaning “prohibited”) is frequently used.

    Example:

    • 飲酒禁止 (Inshu kinshi)
      “Drinking alcohol is prohibited.”
    • 駐車禁止 (Chuusha kinshi)
      “No parking.”

    This construction is direct and impersonal, commonly used in public spaces to state clear rules.


    4. ~てはならない (Te wa naranai)

    This is a more formal and literary way of expressing prohibition. It is less common in daily conversation but can be seen in legal documents or formal writings.

    Example:

    • 嘘をついてはならない。
      (Uso o tsuite wa naranai.)
      “You must not tell lies.”

    5. Use of だめ (Dame)

    The word だめ (dame) itself means “no good,” “not allowed,” or “forbidden.” It’s highly versatile and can stand alone as an expression of prohibition.

    Examples:

    • それはだめです。 (Sore wa dame desu.)
      “That’s not allowed.”
    • 今はだめ。 (Ima wa dame.)
      “Not now.”

    Depending on the tone and situation, だめ can range from strict to soft and conversational.


    6. ~べからず (Bekarazu) – Traditional and Strict

    This archaic phrase is rarely used in modern conversation but appears in traditional, formal, or poetic contexts.

    Example:

    • 立ち入りべからず。
      (Tachiiri bekarazu.)
      “No trespassing.”

    It carries an old-fashioned and authoritative tone, reminiscent of samurai-era language.


    Choosing the Right Expression

    When deciding how to express prohibition in Japanese, consider the following factors:

    1. Formality: Use ~てはいけません for polite conversations and signs, and ~ちゃダメ for casual settings.
    2. Authority: Use 禁止 or ~てはならない for official or serious prohibitions.
    3. Audience: Adapt your language based on whether you’re speaking to a friend, a stranger, or a group.

    Practice Makes Perfect!

    Understanding prohibition in Japanese is only the first step; using it naturally requires practice. Try creating your own sentences using these structures, and pay attention to how native speakers use them in real life. The more you immerse yourself, the more intuitive these expressions will become.

    So, what are you waiting for? Share your practice sentences in the comments, and let’s refine your skills together!

    あなたはどの禁止表現をよく使いますか?コメントで教えてください!
    (Anata wa dono kinshi hyougen o yoku tsukaimasu ka? Komento de oshiete kudasai!)
    Which prohibition expression do you use most often? Let me know in the comments!


    If you enjoyed this lesson, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Don’t forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have about nouns.

    Happy learning! 😊

    Understanding Japanese Verb Groups: A Beginner’s Guide
    Japanese Verb Conjugation: Dictionary, ます, and Negative Forms
    Mastering Japanese Past Tense
    Mastering Polite Forms in Japanese:ます/ません
    Mastering the Japanese Te-Form: A Comprehensive Guide
    Mastering the Japanese たい Form: A Comprehensive Guide
    Mastering the Expressions of Ability in Japanese
    Understanding ~たら in Japanese
    Volitional Form in Japanese
    Expressing Ability in Japanese
    Potential Form of Verbs in Japanese
    Passive Form of Verbs in Japanese
    Causative Form in Japanese
    Causative-Passive Form in Japanese
    〜ながら Form in Japanese
    〜そうだ (Hearsay): Expressing Reported Speech in Japanese
    〜そうだ (Appearance): Expressing ‘Looks Like’ in Japanese
    〜そうだ (Hearsay) vs 〜そうだ (Appearance): Understanding the Difference

  • Making Suggestions and Polite Requests ましょう and てください in Japanese | My Language Classes

    Making Suggestions and Polite Requests ましょう and てください in Japanese | My Language Classes

    Mastering Polite Suggestions and Requests in Japanese

    If you’re learning Japanese, understanding how to make polite suggestions and requests is a key part of effective communication. Whether you’re planning activities with friends or politely asking for help, two common expressions—Verb stem + ましょう and Verb stem + てください—are your go-to tools. Let’s dive into their usage, including how to form them step by step.


    1. Making Suggestions with ましょう (mashou): “Let’s [verb]”

    The expression ましょう is a polite and versatile way to suggest an activity or propose an idea. It carries a collaborative tone, meaning “Let’s do [verb].”


    How to Form the ましょう Form

    Japanese verbs are divided into three groups, and the method for creating the ましょう form depends on the group.


    Group 1: U-Verbs (Godan Verbs)
    1. Start with the stem of the verb (remove the u-ending).
    2. Replace the u sound with the i sound.
    3. Add ましょう.
    VerbStemChange to i FormAdd ましょうExample Translation
    行く行き行きましょうLet’s go.
    書く書き書きましょうLet’s write.
    話す話し話しましょうLet’s talk.

    Group 2: Ru-Verbs (Ichidan Verbs)
    1. Remove the final .
    2. Add ましょう.
    VerbStemAdd ましょうExample Translation
    食べる食べ食べましょうLet’s eat.
    見る見ましょうLet’s look.

    Group 3: Irregular Verbs

    There are two irregular verbs, and their ましょう forms are as follows:

    VerbChange to StemAdd ましょうExample Translation
    するしましょうLet’s do it.
    来る (kuru)来 (ki)来ましょうLet’s come.

    When to Use ましょう

    • Planning with others:
      Example: 公園へ行きましょう!(Kōen e ikimashou!) = Let’s go to the park!
    • Encouraging teamwork:
      Example: 一緒に勉強しましょう。(Issho ni benkyou shimashou.) = Let’s study together.

    The tone is polite, making it suitable for formal and casual settings, as long as it’s a group-oriented activity.


    2. Making Requests with てください (tekudasai): “Please [verb]”

    Before diving into てください, we need to understand how to form the te-form of verbs. The te-form is one of the most fundamental conjugations in Japanese grammar and is used in various contexts beyond requests, such as making commands, linking actions, and creating the polite request structure てください.


    How to Make the Te-Form

    Japanese verbs are categorized into three groups, and the rules for forming the te-form differ depending on the group.


    Group 1: U-Verbs (Godan Verbs)

    For verbs ending in う, つ, る, む, ぶ, ぬ, く, ぐ, す, follow these rules:

    1. Replace the final u-sound with its corresponding te-form sound:
    EndingTe-Form RuleExample
    Replace with って買う (kau)買って (katte) = Buy
    Replace with って立つ (tatsu)立って (tatte) = Stand
    Replace with って取る (toru)取って (totte) = Take
    Replace with んで読む (yomu)読んで (yonde) = Read
    Replace with んで遊ぶ (asobu)遊んで (asonde) = Play
    Replace with んで死ぬ (shinu)死んで (shinde) = Die
    Replace with いて書く (kaku)書いて (kaite) = Write
    Replace with いで泳ぐ (oyogu)泳いで (oyoide) = Swim
    Replace with して話す (hanasu)話して (hanashite) = Speak

    Group 2: Ru-Verbs (Ichidan Verbs)

    For verbs ending in , simply drop and add :

    • 食べる (taberu)食べて (tabete) = Eat.
    • 見る (miru)見て (mite) = Look.

    Group 3: Irregular Verbs

    There are only two irregular verbs in Japanese:

    • するして = Do.
      Example: 勉強する (benkyou suru)勉強して (benkyou shite) = Study.
    • 来る (kuru)来て (kite) = Come.

    Forming てください

    Once you have the te-form of a verb, simply add ください to make a polite request:

    • 見る (miru)見て (mite) + ください = 見てください (mite kudasai) = Please look.
    • 書く (kaku)書いて (kaite) + ください = 書いてください (kaite kudasai) = Please write.
    • 手伝う (tetsudau)手伝って (tetsudatte) + ください = 手伝ってください (tetsudatte kudasai) = Please help.

    When to Use It

    • Asking politely:
      Example: ちょっと待ってください。(Chotto matte kudasai.) = Please wait a moment.
    • Giving instructions:
      Example: ドアを閉めてください。(Doa o shimete kudasai.) = Please close the door.

    This phrase is polite and commonly used in both formal and informal situations.


    Key Differences Between ましょう and てください

    ExpressionPurposeTone
    Verb stem + ましょうSuggestion: “Let’s do [verb]”Collaborative and inclusive
    Verb stem + てくださいRequest: “Please do [verb]”Respectful and polite

    Quick Practice: Try It Out!

    Let’s put these into practice. Can you guess the correct form for each scenario?

    1. You’re suggesting to a friend: “Let’s watch a movie.”
      Hint: The verb is 見る (miru).
      Answer: 映画を見ましょう!(Eiga o mimashou!)
    2. You’re asking someone politely: “Please listen to me.”
      Hint: The verb is 聞く (kiku).
      Answer: 私の話を聞いてください。(Watashi no hanashi o kiite kudasai.)

    Conclusion

    Mastering ましょう and てください opens up a world of polite and smooth communication in Japanese. By understanding these structures—and learning how to form the te-form and ましょう—you can make suggestions, request actions, and navigate various social situations with confidence. Practice them in your daily conversations, and soon they’ll become second nature!


    What are your favorite phrases using ましょう or てください? Share them in the comments below! Or, if you have any questions about Japanese grammar, feel free to ask. Let’s keep learning together—日本語を楽しみましょう!(Nihongo o tanoshimimashou!) 😊

    If you enjoyed this lesson, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Don’t forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have about nouns.

    Happy learning! 😊

    Understanding Japanese Verb Groups: A Beginner’s Guide
    Japanese Verb Conjugation: Dictionary, ます, and Negative Forms
    Mastering Japanese Past Tense
    Mastering Polite Forms in Japanese:ます/ません
    Mastering the Japanese Te-Form: A Comprehensive Guide
    Mastering the Japanese たい Form: A Comprehensive Guide
    Mastering the Expressions of Ability in Japanese
    Understanding ~たら in Japanese
    Volitional Form in Japanese
    Expressing Ability in Japanese
    Potential Form of Verbs in Japanese
    Passive Form of Verbs in Japanese
    Causative Form in Japanese
    Causative-Passive Form in Japanese
    〜ながら Form in Japanese
    〜そうだ (Hearsay): Expressing Reported Speech in Japanese
    〜そうだ (Appearance): Expressing ‘Looks Like’ in Japanese
    〜そうだ (Hearsay) vs 〜そうだ (Appearance): Understanding the Difference