Relative Pronouns in Spanish

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When learning Spanish, relative pronouns are essential for connecting sentences smoothly and making speech more fluid. These pronouns allow us to refer to people, places, or things without unnecessary repetition. In this blog post, we will explore the different relative pronouns in Spanish, their meanings, and how to use them correctly.

List of Relative Pronouns in Spanish

Relative pronouns in Spanish are used to introduce subordinate clauses and refer to a previously mentioned noun (antecedent). Below is a list of the most common relative pronouns, their meanings, and example sentences:

Relative PronounMeaningExample Sentence 1Example Sentence 2
QueThat, which, whoLa casa que compré es muy grande.La película que vimos fue interesante.
Quien / QuienesWho, whomMi amiga, quien vive en Madrid, me visitó ayer.Los estudiantes, quienes aprobaron, celebraron.
Cuyo / Cuya / Cuyos / CuyasWhoseEl hombre cuyo coche es rojo está aquí.La chica cuya madre es doctora es mi amiga.
DondeWhereLa ciudad donde nací es hermosa.Este es el restaurante donde cenamos anoche.
El que / La que / Los que / Las queThe one(s) who/thatEl libro, el que compraste, es interesante.Las chicas, las que llegaron tarde, son mis amigas.
El cual / La cual / Los cuales / Las cualesThe one(s) who/that (formal)La casa en la cual crecí está en ruinas.Los estudiantes, los cuales fueron premiados, estaban felices.
Lo queWhat, whichNo entiendo lo que dijiste.Lo que más me gusta es viajar.
Lo cualWhich (referring to a whole idea)Perdimos el tren, lo cual fue un problema.Llegó tarde, lo cual nos molestó mucho.
Cuanto / Cuanta / Cuantos / CuantasAs much/many asToma cuanto quieras.Cuantas veces lo intentó, falló.

More Example Sentences

  1. La mujer que trabaja en la tienda es muy amable.
  2. Mi amigo, quien es muy inteligente, siempre me ayuda.
  3. El perro cuyo dueño es mi vecino es muy juguetón.
  4. No entiendo lo que está pasando.
  5. El país donde nací es hermoso.
  6. Los estudiantes, los cuales estudian mucho, sacaron buenas notas.
  7. La casa en la que crecí tiene muchos recuerdos.
  8. No sé lo que quieres decir.
  9. Las flores que compraste son muy bonitas.
  10. La ciudad donde vivo tiene muchas atracciones turísticas.

Things to Keep in Mind

  1. Agreement in Gender and Number:
    • “Cuyo” agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies: El hombre cuyos hijos estudian aquí…
    • “El que, la que, los que, las que” also change according to the noun they refer to.
  2. Use of Articles:
    • “El cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales” often appear with a preposition and are more formal.
    • “Lo que” and “lo cual” refer to entire ideas or situations.
  3. Que vs. Quien:
    • “Que” is used for both people and objects.
    • “Quien” is used mainly for people and must match singular or plural (quien/quienes).
  4. Where to Use Relative Pronouns:
    • “Donde” is for places.
    • “Lo que” and “lo cual” refer to abstract concepts.
    • “Cuyo” means “whose” and agrees with the possessed noun.

Fill in the Blanks

  1. La chica _______ vive al lado es muy simpática.
  2. El perro _______ dueño es mi vecino ladra mucho.
  3. No entiendo _______ dices.
  4. La ciudad _______ naciste es hermosa.
  5. Mi amigo, _______ es doctor, trabaja en el hospital.
  6. Las flores, _______ compraste ayer, están muy bonitas.
  7. Juan, _______ hermano es mi compañero, me ayudó con la tarea.
  8. La razón por _______ llegamos tarde fue el tráfico.
  9. No sabía _______ querías decir.
  10. El edificio _______ ventanas son grandes es nuevo.

Answers

  1. que
  2. cuyo
  3. lo que
  4. donde
  5. quien
  6. las que
  7. cuyo
  8. la cual
  9. lo que
  10. cuyas

Conclusion

Mastering relative pronouns in Spanish is essential for improving fluency and making speech more natural. Understanding the gender, number agreement, and context in which each pronoun is used will help you construct sentences more accurately. Keep practicing with different sentence structures, and soon, using these pronouns will become second nature.

If you enjoyed this lesson, be sure to check out more posts like this on my blog at My Language Classes. Don’t forget to subscribe my YouTube channel and follow me on Instagram for the latest language learning tips and lessons. Leave a comment below to share your thoughts, or ask any questions you have.

Happy learning! 😊

📚 Continue Learning Spanish

Spanish Subject Pronouns
Spanish Reflexive Pronouns
Spanish Demonstrative Pronouns
Spanish Possessive Pronouns
Direct Object Pronouns in Spanish
Indirect Object Pronouns in Spanish
How to Use Gustar and Similar Spanish Verbs
Relative Pronouns in Spanish
Mastering the Passive Reflexive ‘Se’ in Spanish
Impersonal “Se” in Spanish Grammar
Indirect & Direct Object Pronouns Combined in Spanish Grammar
Vikas Kumar, multilingual educator and author, founder of My Language Classes, specializing in English, Spanish, and Japanese language education
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Vikas Kumar is a multilingual educator, language specialist, and book author, and the founder of My Language Classes, an independent language learning platform dedicated to structured, clarity-driven language education.

With over eight years of professional experience working with languages, Vikas has taught and supported learners across English, Spanish, and Japanese, helping them build strong grammatical foundations, practical usage skills, and long-term accuracy. His work focuses on eliminating confusion in language learning by emphasizing structure, patterns, and real usage over rote memorization.

Vikas has worked as a Japanese language expert with multiple multinational organizations, supporting cross-border communication, translation, and language-driven operations in professional environments. Alongside his corporate experience, he has spent several years teaching Japanese and Spanish independently, designing lessons tailored to academic goals, professional needs, and exam preparation.

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